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Psychology > Psychology - Chapter 9 - Personality > Flashcards

Psychology - Chapter 9 - Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

What is personality?

A

The ABC’s that characterize an individual in a number of situations over time.

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2
Q

Personality - something ___ you bring with you in your ___ with the environment.

A

Internal/interactions.

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3
Q

Lief Instincts - Eros

A

impulses for survival, like for sex or hunger.

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4
Q

Lief Instincts - Libido

A

psychic energy through which sexual instincts operate.

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5
Q

Death Instincts - Thanatos

A

impulses of destruction.

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6
Q

Conscious - def

A

mental event of which we are actively aware of.

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7
Q

Preconscious - def

A

aspects of mental life that we aren’t aware of at the moment but can be easily brought up.

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8
Q

Psychoanalytic Approach - Freud - __ interacting structures.

A

3 interacting structures.

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9
Q

Freud - ID - def

A

inborn, unconscious, basic instincts. It wants what it wants, like a small child!

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10
Q

Pleasure Principle - def

A

find pleasure.

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11
Q

Libido - def

A

life energy of the ID.

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12
Q

ID - concerned with reality. T/F?

A

False - it is not concerned with reality!

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13
Q

Superego - def

A

Morality, conscious.

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14
Q

Idealistic Principle - def

A

one must do what is right and proper, always!

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15
Q

Superego - society’s rules ___.

A

Internalized.

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16
Q

Ego - def

A

rational reasoning.

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17
Q

Reality Principle -

A

goes between ID and Superego - it kind of finds the best of both worlds. It also satisfies the ID in a reasonable way.

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18
Q

Defense Mechanism - Repression

A

motivated forgetting (because there could be damaged caused to the ego.)

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19
Q

Defense Mechanism - Sublimation

A

Channeling unacceptable impulses into something more acceptable.
Like, say you have a crush on your best friend’s boyfriend, and instead of acting on that, you work on your job or something.

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20
Q

Defense Mechanism - Denial

A

Refusing to acknowledge reality.

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21
Q

Defense Mechanism - Rationalization

A

Making excuses.

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22
Q

Defense Mechanism - Fantasy

A

imagination/daydreaming - it protects the ego from distress.

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23
Q

Defense Mechanism - Projection

A

seeing one’s own unacceptable traits in other’s. Like, being a know-it-all and hating other know-it-all’s.

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24
Q

Defense Mechanism - Regression

A

return to an earlier level of behavior.

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25
Q

Defense Mechanism - Displacement

A

redirecting aggression at a substitute person.

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26
Q

Hostile Attribution Bias - def

A

when people do things towards you, even if it’s just looking at you, they MUST be hostile - like, if someone runs into you in the hallway, even if by accident, they MUST hate you.

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27
Q

Psychosexual Development - Oral Stage - what ages? Info?

A

Birth to age 1. Satisfaction from oral activities.

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28
Q

Oral Fixation - might happen if…

A

something bad happened during the Oral Stage.

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29
Q

To move on from the Oral Stage, one must….

A

be weaned off!

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30
Q

Psychosexual Development - Anal Stage - what age, info?

A

Ages 1-3.

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31
Q

What moves you from the Anal Stage to the Phallic Stage?

A

Potty Training.

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32
Q

Anal Retentive - def

A

someone who is uptight, over controlled.

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33
Q

Anal Expulsive - def

A

Someone who is under controlled, messy, etc.

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34
Q

Phallic Stage - age/info.

A

Satisfaction from the genitals.

35
Q

Penis Envy - def

A

little girls realize they don’t have a penis and then they become sad and want one!

36
Q

Womb Enzy - Karen Horney - def

A

little boys realize they can’t ever have babies and become sad.

37
Q

Oedipus Complex - def

A

when little boys think they want to marry their moms and want to date them. They even “try” and push Dad aside.

38
Q

Electra Complex - def

A

The “girl” version of this, when they want their Dads.

39
Q

Psychosexual Development - Latency - age/info.

A

Age 6-puberty. A time out for sexual development. This is when rapid ego development happens.

40
Q

Psychosexual Development - Genital Stage - age/info.

A

Starting at puberty.
Re-awakening of sexual impulses. Satisfaction from the genitals, like sexually stimulating and establishing adult relationships.

41
Q

Inferiority Complex - def

A

the feeling that we are less able than others to solve life’s problems and get along in the world.

42
Q

The Behavioral Learning Approach - the way we behave is a function of our ____ and ___ experiences, NOT a reflection of some ___ drive or ___ personality. (Watson & Skinner.)

A

Environment.
Learning Experiences.
innate drive
in-born personality.

43
Q

Dollard & Miller - tried to combine unconscious drives with…

A

learning theory.

44
Q

Bandura - aspects of personality can be learned by…

A

observing others.

45
Q

The Cognitive Approach - our personality is a reflection of our…

A

habitual thinking patterns.

46
Q

Cognitive Approach - what happens to you and….

A

then how you interpret it.

47
Q

The way we think about ourselves, others, and the world determines how we feel (affect) and how we act (behaviors.) T/F?

A

True!

48
Q

Humanistic-Phenomenological Approach - dissatisfied with the deterministic nature of…

A

Psychoanalytic & Behaviorist theories.

49
Q

People can __ their own destinies.

A

Shape.

50
Q

Carl Rogers - main human drive is…?

A

Become fully functioning.

51
Q

Humanistic Therapy - what is it?

A

Like listening, replying, giving support, etc.

52
Q

Carl Rogers - we need….

A

Unconditional, positive regard.

53
Q

Abraham Maslow - main human drive is…

A

Get our needs met!

54
Q

Abraham Maslow - we need….

A

Self-actualization.

55
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - the first one is…

A

Physiological Needs, like the need for food, water, shelter, oxygen, and sleep.

56
Q

What is the second step up on the Hierarchy of needs?

A

Safety needs.

57
Q

What is the 3rd step up on the Hierarchy of needs?

A

Belonging and love needs.

58
Q

What is the 4th step up on the Hierarchy of needs?

A

Esteem needs - like need for achievement, education, competence, and respect.

59
Q

What is at the top of the Hierarchy of needs?

A

Need for self-actualization - our need to realize our fullest potential!

60
Q

We can meet any of our needs, even if the basic ones aren’t met. T/F?

A

False - we have to meet the basic needs before we can move higher up!

61
Q

Traits - def

A

a stable characteristic on which people differ.

62
Q

Traits are dimensions. T/F?

A

True!

63
Q

Your personality is the result of a particular combination of…

A

personality traits.

64
Q

According to the Trait Approach, our personality is…

A

where we fall on a variety of traits.

65
Q

Trait approach = ___.

The earlier approaches = ___.

A

Description/Explanatory.

66
Q

Gordon Allport - Cardinal, central, and secondary. What are they?

A

Cardinal - reflects the person so much, like Mother Teresa being selfless. Not many people have these.

Central - describes who we are most of the time.

Secondary - describes us in a few circumstances.

67
Q

Raymond Cattell - identified ___“source traits.”

A

16.

68
Q

Hans Eysenck - Identified ___ supertraits.

A

3.

69
Q

What are the 3 supertraits?

A

Introversion/Extroversion, Neuroticism/Emotional Stability, Psychoticism (if you’re high, you’re irritable. If you’re low, you’re warm, empathetic. Etc.)

70
Q

The Big Five - what are they?

A

Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness (like being organized, etc.), Extroversion/Introversion, Agreeableness (friendliness), Neuroticism (emotionality.)

71
Q

Transaction Approach - the way we behave is the result of…

A

Stress.

72
Q

Personality Assessment - Measurement of personality includes 3 things…

A

Diagnosis, Theory-building, behavior prediction.

73
Q

Personality Assessment Techniques - Behavioral Observation - def

A

conclusions based on observation.

74
Q

Personality Assessment Techniques - Interviews.

A

Conclusions based on what people say about themselves.

75
Q

Personality Assessment Techniques - Paper and pencil tests.

A

Most common - conclusions based on answers to questionnaire items.

76
Q

MMPI - what is it? How common is it?

A

Minnesota Multi-phasic Inventory - It is the most common!

77
Q

MMPI - Validity Scale - does it…

A

Measure what it’s supposed to do?

78
Q

Fake good - def

A

lying to look better.

79
Q

Fake-bad - def

A

Trying to say you’re nuts, like if you committed a crime and all that.

80
Q

Projective Techniques - they are…

A

ambiguous. These PROJECT part of your personality. Conclusions based on response to ambiguous stimuli.

81
Q

What is the most common Projective test?

A

Rorschach Inkblok.

82
Q

The inkblot test is not controversial. T/F?

A

False - it is very controversial.

83
Q

Biological - def

A

focuses on biological, physiological and genetic mechanism to describe and explain personality.

Psychology (8 decks)

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