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Psychology > Psychology - Chapter 9 - Personality > Flashcards

Psychology - Chapter 9 - Personality Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality?

A

The ABC’s that characterize an individual in a number of situations over time.

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2
Q

Personality - something ___ you bring with you in your ___ with the environment.

A

Internal/interactions.

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3
Q

Lief Instincts - Eros

A

impulses for survival, like for sex or hunger.

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4
Q

Lief Instincts - Libido

A

psychic energy through which sexual instincts operate.

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5
Q

Death Instincts - Thanatos

A

impulses of destruction.

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6
Q

Conscious - def

A

mental event of which we are actively aware of.

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7
Q

Preconscious - def

A

aspects of mental life that we aren’t aware of at the moment but can be easily brought up.

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8
Q

Psychoanalytic Approach - Freud - __ interacting structures.

A

3 interacting structures.

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9
Q

Freud - ID - def

A

inborn, unconscious, basic instincts. It wants what it wants, like a small child!

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10
Q

Pleasure Principle - def

A

find pleasure.

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11
Q

Libido - def

A

life energy of the ID.

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12
Q

ID - concerned with reality. T/F?

A

False - it is not concerned with reality!

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13
Q

Superego - def

A

Morality, conscious.

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14
Q

Idealistic Principle - def

A

one must do what is right and proper, always!

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15
Q

Superego - society’s rules ___.

A

Internalized.

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16
Q

Ego - def

A

rational reasoning.

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17
Q

Reality Principle -

A

goes between ID and Superego - it kind of finds the best of both worlds. It also satisfies the ID in a reasonable way.

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18
Q

Defense Mechanism - Repression

A

motivated forgetting (because there could be damaged caused to the ego.)

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19
Q

Defense Mechanism - Sublimation

A

Channeling unacceptable impulses into something more acceptable.
Like, say you have a crush on your best friend’s boyfriend, and instead of acting on that, you work on your job or something.

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20
Q

Defense Mechanism - Denial

A

Refusing to acknowledge reality.

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21
Q

Defense Mechanism - Rationalization

A

Making excuses.

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22
Q

Defense Mechanism - Fantasy

A

imagination/daydreaming - it protects the ego from distress.

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23
Q

Defense Mechanism - Projection

A

seeing one’s own unacceptable traits in other’s. Like, being a know-it-all and hating other know-it-all’s.

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24
Q

Defense Mechanism - Regression

A

return to an earlier level of behavior.

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25
Defense Mechanism - Displacement
redirecting aggression at a substitute person.
26
Hostile Attribution Bias - def
when people do things towards you, even if it's just looking at you, they MUST be hostile - like, if someone runs into you in the hallway, even if by accident, they MUST hate you.
27
Psychosexual Development - Oral Stage - what ages? Info?
Birth to age 1. Satisfaction from oral activities.
28
Oral Fixation - might happen if...
something bad happened during the Oral Stage.
29
To move on from the Oral Stage, one must....
be weaned off!
30
Psychosexual Development - Anal Stage - what age, info?
Ages 1-3.
31
What moves you from the Anal Stage to the Phallic Stage?
Potty Training.
32
Anal Retentive - def
someone who is uptight, over controlled.
33
Anal Expulsive - def
Someone who is under controlled, messy, etc.
34
Phallic Stage - age/info.
Satisfaction from the genitals.
35
Penis Envy - def
little girls realize they don't have a penis and then they become sad and want one!
36
Womb Enzy - Karen Horney - def
little boys realize they can't ever have babies and become sad.
37
Oedipus Complex - def
when little boys think they want to marry their moms and want to date them. They even "try" and push Dad aside.
38
Electra Complex - def
The "girl" version of this, when they want their Dads.
39
Psychosexual Development - Latency - age/info.
Age 6-puberty. A time out for sexual development. This is when rapid ego development happens.
40
Psychosexual Development - Genital Stage - age/info.
Starting at puberty. Re-awakening of sexual impulses. Satisfaction from the genitals, like sexually stimulating and establishing adult relationships.
41
Inferiority Complex - def
the feeling that we are less able than others to solve life's problems and get along in the world.
42
The Behavioral Learning Approach - the way we behave is a function of our ____ and ___ experiences, NOT a reflection of some ___ drive or ___ personality. (Watson & Skinner.)
Environment. Learning Experiences. innate drive in-born personality.
43
Dollard & Miller - tried to combine unconscious drives with...
learning theory.
44
Bandura - aspects of personality can be learned by...
observing others.
45
The Cognitive Approach - our personality is a reflection of our...
habitual thinking patterns.
46
Cognitive Approach - what happens to you and....
then how you interpret it.
47
The way we think about ourselves, others, and the world determines how we feel (affect) and how we act (behaviors.) T/F?
True!
48
Humanistic-Phenomenological Approach - dissatisfied with the deterministic nature of...
Psychoanalytic & Behaviorist theories.
49
People can __ their own destinies.
Shape.
50
Carl Rogers - main human drive is...?
Become fully functioning.
51
Humanistic Therapy - what is it?
Like listening, replying, giving support, etc.
52
Carl Rogers - we need....
Unconditional, positive regard.
53
Abraham Maslow - main human drive is...
Get our needs met!
54
Abraham Maslow - we need....
Self-actualization.
55
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - the first one is...
Physiological Needs, like the need for food, water, shelter, oxygen, and sleep.
56
What is the second step up on the Hierarchy of needs?
Safety needs.
57
What is the 3rd step up on the Hierarchy of needs?
Belonging and love needs.
58
What is the 4th step up on the Hierarchy of needs?
Esteem needs - like need for achievement, education, competence, and respect.
59
What is at the top of the Hierarchy of needs?
Need for self-actualization - our need to realize our fullest potential!
60
We can meet any of our needs, even if the basic ones aren't met. T/F?
False - we have to meet the basic needs before we can move higher up!
61
Traits - def
a stable characteristic on which people differ.
62
Traits are dimensions. T/F?
True!
63
Your personality is the result of a particular combination of...
personality traits.
64
According to the Trait Approach, our personality is...
where we fall on a variety of traits.
65
Trait approach = ___. | The earlier approaches = ___.
Description/Explanatory.
66
Gordon Allport - Cardinal, central, and secondary. What are they?
Cardinal - reflects the person so much, like Mother Teresa being selfless. Not many people have these. Central - describes who we are most of the time. Secondary - describes us in a few circumstances.
67
Raymond Cattell - identified ___"source traits."
16.
68
Hans Eysenck - Identified ___ supertraits.
3.
69
What are the 3 supertraits?
Introversion/Extroversion, Neuroticism/Emotional Stability, Psychoticism (if you're high, you're irritable. If you're low, you're warm, empathetic. Etc.)
70
The Big Five - what are they?
Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness (like being organized, etc.), Extroversion/Introversion, Agreeableness (friendliness), Neuroticism (emotionality.)
71
Transaction Approach - the way we behave is the result of...
Stress.
72
Personality Assessment - Measurement of personality includes 3 things...
Diagnosis, Theory-building, behavior prediction.
73
Personality Assessment Techniques - Behavioral Observation - def
conclusions based on observation.
74
Personality Assessment Techniques - Interviews.
Conclusions based on what people say about themselves.
75
Personality Assessment Techniques - Paper and pencil tests.
Most common - conclusions based on answers to questionnaire items.
76
MMPI - what is it? How common is it?
Minnesota Multi-phasic Inventory - It is the most common!
77
MMPI - Validity Scale - does it...
Measure what it's supposed to do?
78
Fake good - def
lying to look better.
79
Fake-bad - def
Trying to say you're nuts, like if you committed a crime and all that.
80
Projective Techniques - they are...
ambiguous. These PROJECT part of your personality. Conclusions based on response to ambiguous stimuli.
81
What is the most common Projective test?
Rorschach Inkblok.
82
The inkblot test is not controversial. T/F?
False - it is very controversial.
83
Biological - def
focuses on biological, physiological and genetic mechanism to describe and explain personality.

Psychology (8 decks)

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