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Psychology > Psychology - Chapter 12 - Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychology - Chapter 12 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is abnormal? The ___ that violate social and statistical norms.

A

ABC’s.

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2
Q

Abnormal - are they maladaptive/impairing?

A

Yes! It interfere’s with the person’s functioning.

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3
Q

Abnormal - they don’t cause distress. T/F?

A

False - they do! Either personally or socially.

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4
Q

What are the “core” abnormal signs?

A

Maladaptive/impairing and distress-causing.

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5
Q

Diagnosis - def

A

recognizing a disorder based on a set of specific symptoms.

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6
Q

There is a ___ for which above the symptoms are problematic and below which they aren’t.

A

threshold.

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7
Q

DSM-IV-TR - What date? Some info?

A

2000 - Multi-axial classification system.

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8
Q

DSM-IV-TR - most/least widely used classification that is vital for insurance. ?

A

MOST!

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9
Q

DSM 5- Date/info.

A

2015 - No axial distinction between physical and mental illness.

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10
Q

Comorbidity - def

A

presence of 2 or more disorders.

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11
Q

Labeling - cause a ….

A

stigma.

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12
Q

Insanity - a ___ term, __ for clinical use.

A

Legal term - NOT for clinical use.

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13
Q

Normal vs. Abnormal - on a ____.

A

Continuum.

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14
Q

Dangerous - not rare. T/F?

A

False - it is very rare!

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15
Q

Case studies are the norm. T/F?

A

False - they are not the norm!

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16
Q

Axis 1 - What is it?

A

Clnical Syndrome.

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17
Q

Axis 2 - What is it?

A

Personality disorder or Mental Retardation.

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18
Q

Axis 3 - What is it?

A

Generalized Medical Conditions relative to the psychiatric problem, maybe due to cancer or hypothyroidism (which can cause symptoms like depression.)

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19
Q

Axis 4 - What is it?

A

Environmental Contributions - psychosocial stressors, like what’s happening in their lives, like marital discord and such.

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20
Q

Axis 5 - What is it?

A

Global assessment of functioning (GAF), which is a 1-100 scale.
91-100 = good level.
51-60 = moderate range.
10’s/single digits = danger to self or others or severely Mentally retarded.

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21
Q

What is the nature of anxiety?

A

Worry.

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22
Q

Anxiety - apprehension over…

A

unreasonable stressors?

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23
Q

Anxiety - def

A

feeling of general apprehension or dread accompanied by predictable, physiological changes.

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24
Q

Anxiety - accompanied by…

A

predictable physical changes, like increased HR, RR, etc.

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25
Q

Fear - apprehension over…

A

perceived danger (that could truly, actually happy.)

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26
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder - characterized by…

A

excessive, persistent worry over unrealistic events, but also worry, in general.

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27
Q

GAD - worry is known or unknown?

A

Unknown.

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28
Q

GAD - accompanied by…

A

fear, pain, etc.

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29
Q

Panic Disorder - recurrent, unexpected ___ ___.

A

Panic attacks.

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30
Q

Panic Disorder - accompanied by __ or more physical symptoms, like increased heart rat, sweating, etc.

A

1 or more!

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31
Q

Panic Disorder - persistent worry about ___ attacks, along with worry about the implications or complications of these attacks.

A

Future.

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32
Q

With Panic Disorder, you must rule out a ___ cause.

A

Medical cause, substance abuse, etc.

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33
Q

Agoraphobia - fear and avoidance of…..

A

places and situations from which one cannot escape/control.

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34
Q

Agoraphobia - avoid situations due to worries about…..

A

having no control, fear of social embarrassment, open spaces, etc.

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35
Q

Specific Phobia - persistent, extreme fear of…

A

some object.

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36
Q

Specific Phobia - reaction to feared stimulus is ___.

A

Extensive, almost like a panic attack.

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37
Q

Specific phobia - Individual actively avoids exposure to ___ ____.

A

Feared stimulus.

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38
Q

Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder) - anticipatory fear of….

A

a particular social or performance related event, like public speaking, etc.

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39
Q

Social Phobia - the fear that others might ….

A

notice their discomfort, etc, so they try and avoid social events.

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40
Q

Social Phobia - they must realize their fear is ___ and that it causes ____.

A

Excessive/distress or impairment.

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41
Q

OCD - obsessions - def.

A

Persistent thoughts or images that intrude into awareness and cause distress. They could be like shaking a hand could give you germs. They are generally unpleasant and are perceived to be out of the patient’s control.

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42
Q

OCD - Compulsions - def

A

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts done to counteract distress produced by obsessions (an example of negative reinforcement.) They could be like checking a door/lock a lot. It is performed as long as needed for the anxiety to diminish that may increase over time. It has to be really impairing, like making you late for work.

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43
Q

PTSD - def

A

reexperiencing of a traumatic event, accompanied by increased physiological arousal + avoidance.

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44
Q

PTSD - Trauma - threat of __ or ___.

A

Threat of death or serious injury.

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45
Q

PTSD - you reexperience with __, __, or __.

A

Flashbacks, dreams, etc. The flashbacks can be really severe, too..almost like hallucinations.

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46
Q

PTSD - Arousal - they are….

A

easily startled, difficultly sleepy, hyper vigilant, etc.

47
Q

PTSD - Avoidance -

A

forgetting, not going where trauma occurred, emotionally detaching.

48
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorders - soma = ___.

A

Body.

49
Q

Somatization Disorder - removed from DSM-5 - T/F?

A

True!

50
Q

In the DSM-5, most people who has a Somatization Disorder will meet criteria for new “____.”

A

Somatic Symptom Disorder.

51
Q

Hypochondriasis - removed from DSM-5. T/F?

A

True!

52
Q

Hypochondriasis - since it’s removed from the DSM-5, most will meet criteria for ___ or ___ in the DSM-5.

A

Somatic Symptom Disorder or Illness Anxiety Disorder (which is new for the DSM-5.)

53
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder - presence of…

A

bodily symptoms that are distressing or impairing. Theses are EXCESSIVE (in terms of the ABC’s). It could be like going to the doctor too much (behavior.)

54
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder - def

A

preoccupation with having or developing a serious illness.

55
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder - absence of ____ ___ ___.

A

Prominent Somatic Symptoms.

56
Q

Conversion Disorder - unexplainable, unintentional loss of…

A

physical functioning without a medical cause.

57
Q

Conversion Disorder -can be loss of motor or sensory. T/F?

A

True! - Motor could be paralysis, sense could be blindness.

58
Q

Conversion Disorder - ___ __ usually precedes onset or warning.

A

Psychological Distress.

59
Q

Conversion Disorder - more common in men or women?

A

Women! (Freud thought it was a disease of the uterus!)

60
Q

Conversation Disorder - they think they are faking it. T/F?

A

False - they truly think it’s an actual problem!

61
Q

With Conversion Disorder, it’s biologically improbably. T/F?

A

True! like, they could think they are having a seizure but it doesn’t show up on the EEG.

62
Q

Dissociative Amnesia - def

A

inability to recall personal information with no accompanying medical explanation.

63
Q

Dissociative Amnesia - fugue - def

A

now a specifier - fugue has to do with travel. So, if someone wanders around in a different state and doesn’t know who they are, they have Dissociative Amnesia WITH fugue.

64
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder - def

A

Formerly MPD. It’s the presence of 2 or more personalities in the same person. The average is 15!

65
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder - Primary = def

A

This is the person that carries the name and usually has amnesia for what the other personalities do.

66
Q

DID - The change in personalities is…

A

sudden, drastic, and unintentional.

67
Q

DID - may be associated with ___ ___ ___.

A

severe abuse in childhood.

68
Q

DID - same as Schizophrenia. T/F?

A

False!

69
Q

Personality Disorder - they are ____, as in, part of who we are.

A

Characterological.

70
Q

Personality Disorders - they are ___ lasting.

A

Long lasting.

71
Q

Personality Disorders - Often cannot be diagnosed before age ___, the individual does not view their behavior as ____, the disorder is often resistant to ___, and the prevalence is _ to _ % of the U.S.

A

18/dysfunctional/treatment/10-20.

72
Q

Cluster A Personality Disorders - they act…

A

Extremely odd or eccentric.

73
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder - def

A

distrustful, suspicious of other’s motives, etc.

74
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder - def

A

socially detached, unemotional, and prefers to be alone (even with sex!), they have a cold personality, etc.

75
Q

Cluster B Personality Disorders - def

A

Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic.

76
Q

Histrionic PD - Def

A

Dramatic, emotional, attention seeking - the “Drama Queen” PD. They are always trying to one up people..

77
Q

Narcissistic PD - def

A

Grandiose, needs admiration, lack empathy, wants you to see how important they are.

78
Q

Borderline PD - def

A

Emotionally and interpersonally unstable, impulsive, fear abandonment (3:1 female.).

79
Q

Cutting/Self-harm is a huge red flag for ___ PD.

A

Borderline.

80
Q

Antisocial PD - def

A

disregard for and violation of the rights of others. (3:1 male.) They don’t really care what happens to people - they do bad things because they think others would just do them anyway and they show no remorse. Hopefully it will burn out at around age 40!

81
Q

Cluster C Personality Disorders - they are…

A

anxious and fearful.

82
Q

Avoidant PD - def

A

socially inhibited, feeling inadequate, too anxious, overly sensitive to negative evaluation or criticism.

83
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder - def

A

submissive, clingy, excessive, need to be taken care of. They will have a hard time making decisions and they jump from one relationship to another.

84
Q

Autism - def

A

impaired social interaction, problems in communication and unusual or severely limited activities and interests.

85
Q

ADHD - def

A

difficult in following or attending to repetitive or boring tasks. Also includes impulsivity and hyperactivity.

86
Q

Dementia - def

A

marked loss of intellectual abilities.

87
Q

Alzheimer’s Dementia - def

A

slow deterioration of intellectual functioning that is a degenerative disease.

88
Q

Mood Disorders - aka ___.

A

Affective Disorder - disturbance of mood is the primary feature!

89
Q

Mood Disorders - related to..

A

persistent, abnormally high and/or low mood.

90
Q

Unipolar - def

A

Depression.

91
Q

Bipolar - def

A

manic depression.

92
Q

Major Depressive Disorder - Lifetime prevalence - _ % men, _ % women.

A

10 men, 20 women.

93
Q

Major Depressive Disorder - Symptoms (9) (and you have to have 5 or more to be diagnosed!)

A

SIGMECAPS.
S - Sleep (insomnia/hypersomnia.)
I - Interest (anhedonia, loss of interest or pleasure.)
G - Guilt (feeling or worthlessness or excessive guilt.)
M - Mood (depressed mood most of the time.)
E - Energy (fatigue or loss of energy.)
C - Concentration (hard to think, decide, concentrate, etc.)
A - Appetite (too low or high, gain or lose weight.)
P - Psychomotor (physically restless or slowed down.)
S - Suicidal (recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.)

94
Q

For MDD, which two symptoms have to be met (along with the other 3) in order to be diagnosed?

A

Interest and Mood!

95
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder - includes…and lasts…

A

Former Dysthymic Disorder, a milder, chronic form of depression that lasts more than 2 years (same for PDD.)

96
Q

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - new in the DSM-5.

A

True!

97
Q

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - significant, impairing __ __ related to menses.

A

Mood changes.

98
Q

Premenstrual DD - symptoms worsen in ___ phase of cycle and remit around time of ___.

A

Premenstrual cycle/menstruation.

99
Q

Bipolar - mix of..

A

depressed mood and mania.

100
Q

Mania - def

A

excessively high blood, euphoria, inflated self-esteem, overly talkative, etc.

101
Q

Bipolar - lifetime prevalence =

A

1-2%, and is equally common in men and women.

102
Q

Causes of Mood Disorders - __ v ___.

A

Nature vs. Nurture.

103
Q

Diathesis Stress Model - def

A

inherited genes may predispose certain people towards a particular illness, but the illness is only expressed if “activated” by sufficient stress or trauma.

104
Q

Schizophrenia - disorders characterized by…

A

psychotic symptoms (distortions of reality.)

105
Q

Schizophrenia - usually __ and very __.

A

Chronic/impairing.

106
Q

Schizophrenia - lifetime prevalence is _% across all countries.

A

1%

107
Q

Age of onset for Schizophrenia =

A

Mid to late 20’s.

108
Q

Schizophrenia - most will need meds for only a short time. T/F?

A

False - they will need it for most of their lives!

109
Q

Schizophrenia - Negative Symptoms - def

A

loss of normal functioning, like flat affect, loss of speech (alogia), loss of goal-directed behavior (avolition, like wandering without a purpose, not showering, not doing basic care needs!)

110
Q

Schizophrenia - Positive Symptoms - def

A

Hallucinations (false perceptions) that can be along any sensory line.
Delusions - firmly held, false belief.

111
Q

Delusion of Reference - def

A

believing that the person on TV is talking to you (like, legit.)

112
Q

Delusions of Grandiosity - def

A

believing you have special powers.

113
Q

Delusions of Persecution - def

A

thinking people are after you!

114
Q

What causes Schizophrenia?

A

It’s really unknown, but it could be about the structure of the brain (think about the ventricles!) and then neurochemicals (dopamine), and all that.

Psychology (8 decks)

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