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Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

classical conditioning

A

ringing a bell results in dogs salivating

involuntary responses

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2
Q

operant conditioning

A

not/doing something because of the outcome

voluntary response

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3
Q

transferance

A

patient projects feelings onto physician

sees psychiatrist as parent etc

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4
Q

countertransferance

A

doctor projects feelings onto patient

e.g. patient reminds them of a sibling

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5
Q

displacement

A

transferring emotion to something else

mum yells at son because husband yelled at her

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6
Q

dissociation

A

drastic change in personality to avoid emotional stress

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7
Q

fixation

A

partially remaining at a more childish level

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8
Q

identification

A

modelling behaviour after another who is more powerful

abusee becomes abuser

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9
Q

intellectualization

A

using facts and logic to emotionally distance onself

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10
Q

projection

A

attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source
man who wants to cheat on wife accuses wife of cheating
via displacement

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11
Q

reaction formation

A

replacing unwanted thoughts by emphasising the opposite
hates dogs, adopts a dog
via sublimation

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12
Q

regression

A

involuntary turning back the maturational clock

via fixation

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13
Q

splitting

A

people are either all good or all bad

seen in BPD

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14
Q

sublimation

A

replacing unacceptable wish with a course of action similar but does not conflict with values
teenager’s aggression towards father is channeled into sports

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15
Q

alturism

A

mafia boss donates to charity

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16
Q

suppression vs repression

A

supression - tries not to remember

repression - physically can’t

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17
Q

infant deprivation

A 
4 Ws
Weak
Wordless
Wanting
Wary
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18
Q

physical abuse stats

A

40% deaths in children <1yr

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19
Q

peak sexual abuse incidence

A

9-12yrs

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20
Q

ADHD signs

age

A

hyperactive, impulsive, inattention

before 12 years

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21
Q

Rx ADHD

A

stimulants - methylphenidate

atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine

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22
Q

Rett syndrome genetics
epidemiology
signs

A

X linked dominant - Girls 1-4yrs

loss of development, ataxia, stereotyped handwriting

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23
Q

conduct disorder signs

in adults

A

pervasive behaviour violating basic norms

antisocial personality disorder

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24
Q

oppositional defiant disorder

A

enduring pattern of hostile defiant behaviour toward authority

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25
onset of seperation anxiety
7-9yrs
26
Tourette syndrome length
over 1 yr
27
coprolaila
involuntary obscene speech | 10-20% patients
28
Rx for distressing tourette tics
fluphenazine, pimozide, tetrabenazine, guanfacine, clonidine
29
order of loss of orientation
time, place, person
30
dissociative amnesia | may see
can't recall important personal information | may have abrupt travel or wandering
31
dissociative identity disorder also known as | RF
multiple personality disorder | women, abuse, PTSD, depression, substance abuse, BPD, somatoform conditions
32
diffuse slowing EEG
delerium
33
Rx delerium | alcohol
haloperidol | benzodiazapines
34
agnosia
can't process sensory information
35
reversible dementia causes
hypohtyroidism, depression, B12 deficiency, normal pressure hydrocephalus, neurosyphilis
36
psychosis
distorted perception of reality | delusion, hallucination, disorganised thinking
37
burning rubber smell
temporal lobe epilepsy
38
tactile hallucination
alcohol withdrawl, stimulant use
39
hypnagogic
hallucinations whilst going to sleep
40
hypnopompic
hallucinations waking form sleep
41
increased DA, decreased dendritic branching, ventriculomegaly
schizophrenia
42
signs of schizophrenia | time
delusions, hallucination, disorganised speech, disorganised or catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms over 6 months
43
schizophrenia < 1 month 1-6 months > 2 weeks
<1 month - brief psychotic disorder 1-6 months - schizophreniform disorder < 2 weeks - schizoaffective disorder
44
schizoaffective disorder
no major mood change all the time
45
Rx schizophrenia
atypical antipsychotics | risperidone
46
delusional disorder
lasts over 1 month | fixed, false belief
47
manic episode length | signs
> 1 week | change in mood, increased activity/energy
48
hypomanic episode length | signs
> 4 days | mood disturbance not as severe
49
Bipolar I | II
manic ± hypomanic/depressive | hypomanic + depressive
50
Rx bipolar
lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine, atypicals
51
cyclothymic disorder
mild form of bipolar lasting at least 2 years
52
major depressive disorder vs | persistant depressive disorder time
6-12 months | >2 years
53
Rx depression
CBT, SSRIs, SNRIs, mirtazapine, bupripion
54
atypical depressive features
hypersomnia, phyerphagia, heavy arms and legs, interpersonal rejection (MAO)
55
postpartum depression incidence signs Rx
10-15% depression, anxiety, poor concentration CBT, SSRIs
56
postpartum psychosis incidence signs RF Rx
0.1-0.2% mood delusion, hallucination, thoughts of harm bipolar, psychotic dosorder, previous, fhx atypicals
57
grief causing functional impairment
pathologic
58
electroconvulsive therapy causes
grand mal seizure
59
Rx anxiety
CBT, SSRI, SNRI
60
Rx panic disorder
CBT, SSRI, venlafaxine | benzodiazapines occasionally
61
Dgx panic dosorder
attack + 1 month of | persistant concern/ worrying about consequences/ behaviour changes relating
62
Rx social anxiety disorder
CBT, SSRI, venlafaxine | benzo, B blocker
63
Rx agoraphobia
CBT, SSRI, MAO inhibitors
64
generalised anxiety disorder time signs Rx
over 6 months restless, irritable, sleep disturbance, fatigue, concentration CBT, SSRI, Busiprone (5HT-1a R)
65
ego-dystonic behaviour
OCD symptoms which are inconsistant with one's own beliefs
66
OCD Rx
CBT, SSRI, clomipramine
67
PTSD time | Rx
> 1 month | CBT, SSRI, venlafaxine
68
somatic symptom disorder
complaints, with anxiety, unconsciously making it up
69
conversion disorder
loss of sensory/motor function following acute stress | sometimes aware but indifferent
70
pseudocyesis
false belief of being pregnant - may have some signs
71
Personality disorders A B C
A - paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal B - antisocial, borderline, histrionic, barcissistic C - avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, dependent
72
odd/ eccentric, can't develop meaningful social relationships
cluster A personality disorders
73
schozoid
voluntary social withdrawl, limited emotional expression
74
schizotypical
ecentric appearance, odd beliefs, interpersonal awkwardness
75
borderline personality disorder
unstable mood and interpersonal relationships, impulsive, self mutilation, suicidal, sense of emptiness, splitting
76
histrionic personality disorder
xs emotion and excitability, attention seeking, overly concerned with appearance, sexually provocative
77
narcissistic personality disorder
sense of entitlement, lacks empathy, reacts to criticism with rage
78
avoidant
hypersensitive, desires relationships with others, feels inadequate
79
matatarsal stress fracture
anorexia
80
refeeding syndrome
rise in insulin causes hypophosphatemia --> cardiac issues
81
bulimia nervosa time
1/week for 3 months
82
Russell sign
dorsal hand calluses from induced vomiting
83
Drugs causing sexual dysfunction
antihypertensives, neuroleptics, SSRIs, ethanol
84
when do sleep terrors occur?
non-REM sleep N3
85
decreases hypocretin in lateral hypothalamus
nacrolepsy
86
Rx narcolepsy
amphetamies, modafinil - daytime | sodium oxybate - nighttime
87
barbituate s.e. | withdrawl
respiratory depression | CVS collapse
88
violent, impulsive, htn, tachy, twitchy | Rx
phencyclidine | benzodiazapines
89
visual/auditory distortion, depoersonalisation, paranoia, psychosis
lysergic acid diethylamide
90
pharmacuitical marijuana | uses
dronabinol | antiemetic, appetitie stimulant
91
naltrexone
long acting opioid antagonist, used for relapse prevention
92
Rx alcoholism
disulfiram, acamprostate, naltrexone
93
delirium tremens from timing Rx
alcohol withdrawl syndrome 2-4 days after last drink benzodiazapines
94
CNS stimulants mechanism use
-amine -phenidate increase catecholaimes in synaptic cleft ADHD, narcolepsy, appetite control
95
typical antipsychotic mechanism
block D2
96
s.e. typical antipsychotics
extrapyramidal, endocrine, dry mouth, long QT
97
tardive dyskinesia
orofacial chorea from long term-antipsych
98
neuroleptic malignant syndrome from | Rx
antipsychotics | dantrolene, D2 agnoist (bromocriptine)
99
antipsychotics with high potency
neuro side effects
100
aripriprazole mechanism
D2 partial agonist
101
atypicals mechanism
D2 antagonists, 5-HT2, a R, H1 R
102
atypical s.e
QT length, anticholinergic
103
-pines s.e
metabolic slowing
104
colzapine s.e
agranulocytosis
105
risperidone s.e
hyperprolactinemia
106
Lithium s.e
LMNOP | Lithium, movement (tremor), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, hypOthyroidism, Pregnancy problems
107
where is Li reabsorbed in kidneys? | how to increase removal
PCT with Na | use thiazides
108
SSRIs mechanism s.e
-tine, -line, pram 5-HT reuptake inhibitors GI, SIADH, decreased libido
109
SNRIs mechanism s.e
-faxine, -pran, -zetine inhibit 5-HT and NE reputake htn, stimulant, sedation, nausea
110
seratonin syndrome
NM activity, agitation, autonomic stimulation
111
TCAs mechanism s.e
-tyline, -pramine, amoxapine, doxepin block NE and 5-HT reuptake convulsion, coma, cardiotoxicity (Na channel inhibition), resp depression, fever, anticholinergic, prolong QT
112
MAO inhibitors mechanism s.e
tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid, selegilline (B) increases amine neurotransmitters (NE, 5-HT, DA) htn, CNS stimulation
113
CI with MAO inhibitors
SSRI, TCA, St John's Wort, Merperidine, dextromethorphan
114
bupripion mechanism | s.e
increase NE and D | stimulant, headache, seizure in nervosa patients
115
mirtazapine mechanism | s.e
a2 antagnoist, 5-HT2/3 R antagonist, H1 antagonist | sedation, weight gain, hunger, dry mouth
116
trazodone mechanism | s.e
blocks 5-HT2, a1, H1, inhibits 5-HT uptake | sedation, priapism, nausea, hOtn
117
varenicline mechanism s.e use
ACh R partial agonist sleep disturbance smoking cessation

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