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Step 1 > Psychology > Flashcards

Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

classical conditioning

A

ringing a bell results in dogs salivating

involuntary responses

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2
Q

operant conditioning

A

not/doing something because of the outcome

voluntary response

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3
Q

transferance

A

patient projects feelings onto physician

sees psychiatrist as parent etc

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4
Q

countertransferance

A

doctor projects feelings onto patient

e.g. patient reminds them of a sibling

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5
Q

displacement

A

transferring emotion to something else

mum yells at son because husband yelled at her

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6
Q

dissociation

A

drastic change in personality to avoid emotional stress

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7
Q

fixation

A

partially remaining at a more childish level

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8
Q

identification

A

modelling behaviour after another who is more powerful

abusee becomes abuser

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9
Q

intellectualization

A

using facts and logic to emotionally distance onself

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10
Q

projection

A

attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source
man who wants to cheat on wife accuses wife of cheating
via displacement

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11
Q

reaction formation

A

replacing unwanted thoughts by emphasising the opposite
hates dogs, adopts a dog
via sublimation

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12
Q

regression

A

involuntary turning back the maturational clock

via fixation

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13
Q

splitting

A

people are either all good or all bad

seen in BPD

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14
Q

sublimation

A

replacing unacceptable wish with a course of action similar but does not conflict with values
teenager’s aggression towards father is channeled into sports

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15
Q

alturism

A

mafia boss donates to charity

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16
Q

suppression vs repression

A

supression - tries not to remember

repression - physically can’t

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17
Q

infant deprivation

A 
4 Ws
Weak
Wordless
Wanting
Wary
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18
Q

physical abuse stats

A

40% deaths in children <1yr

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19
Q

peak sexual abuse incidence

A

9-12yrs

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20
Q

ADHD signs

age

A

hyperactive, impulsive, inattention

before 12 years

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21
Q

Rx ADHD

A

stimulants - methylphenidate

atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine

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22
Q

Rett syndrome genetics
epidemiology
signs

A

X linked dominant - Girls 1-4yrs

loss of development, ataxia, stereotyped handwriting

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23
Q

conduct disorder signs

in adults

A

pervasive behaviour violating basic norms

antisocial personality disorder

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24
Q

oppositional defiant disorder

A

enduring pattern of hostile defiant behaviour toward authority

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25
Q

onset of seperation anxiety

A

7-9yrs

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26
Q

Tourette syndrome length

A

over 1 yr

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27
Q

coprolaila

A

involuntary obscene speech

10-20% patients

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28
Q

Rx for distressing tourette tics

A

fluphenazine, pimozide, tetrabenazine, guanfacine, clonidine

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29
Q

order of loss of orientation

A

time, place, person

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30
Q

dissociative amnesia

may see

A

can’t recall important personal information

may have abrupt travel or wandering

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31
Q

dissociative identity disorder also known as

RF

A

multiple personality disorder

women, abuse, PTSD, depression, substance abuse, BPD, somatoform conditions

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32
Q

diffuse slowing EEG

A

delerium

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33
Q

Rx delerium

alcohol

A

haloperidol

benzodiazapines

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34
Q

agnosia

A

can’t process sensory information

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35
Q

reversible dementia causes

A

hypohtyroidism, depression, B12 deficiency, normal pressure hydrocephalus, neurosyphilis

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36
Q

psychosis

A

distorted perception of reality

delusion, hallucination, disorganised thinking

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37
Q

burning rubber smell

A

temporal lobe epilepsy

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38
Q

tactile hallucination

A

alcohol withdrawl, stimulant use

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39
Q

hypnagogic

A

hallucinations whilst going to sleep

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40
Q

hypnopompic

A

hallucinations waking form sleep

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41
Q

increased DA, decreased dendritic branching, ventriculomegaly

A

schizophrenia

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42
Q

signs of schizophrenia

time

A

delusions, hallucination, disorganised speech, disorganised or catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms
over 6 months

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43
Q

schizophrenia
< 1 month
1-6 months
> 2 weeks

A

<1 month - brief psychotic disorder
1-6 months - schizophreniform disorder
< 2 weeks - schizoaffective disorder

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44
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

no major mood change all the time

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45
Q

Rx schizophrenia

A

atypical antipsychotics

risperidone

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46
Q

delusional disorder

A

lasts over 1 month

fixed, false belief

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47
Q

manic episode length

signs

A

> 1 week

change in mood, increased activity/energy

48
Q

hypomanic episode length

signs

A

> 4 days

mood disturbance not as severe

49
Q

Bipolar I

II

A

manic ± hypomanic/depressive

hypomanic + depressive

50
Q

Rx bipolar

A

lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine, atypicals

51
Q

cyclothymic disorder

A

mild form of bipolar lasting at least 2 years

52
Q

major depressive disorder vs

persistant depressive disorder time

A

6-12 months

>2 years

53
Q

Rx depression

A

CBT, SSRIs, SNRIs, mirtazapine, bupripion

54
Q

atypical depressive features

A

hypersomnia, phyerphagia, heavy arms and legs, interpersonal rejection (MAO)

55
Q

postpartum depression incidence
signs
Rx

A

10-15%
depression, anxiety, poor concentration
CBT, SSRIs

56
Q

postpartum psychosis incidence
signs
RF
Rx

A

0.1-0.2%
mood delusion, hallucination, thoughts of harm
bipolar, psychotic dosorder, previous, fhx
atypicals

57
Q

grief causing functional impairment

A

pathologic

58
Q

electroconvulsive therapy causes

A

grand mal seizure

59
Q

Rx anxiety

A

CBT, SSRI, SNRI

60
Q

Rx panic disorder

A

CBT, SSRI, venlafaxine

benzodiazapines occasionally

61
Q

Dgx panic dosorder

A

attack + 1 month of

persistant concern/ worrying about consequences/ behaviour changes relating

62
Q

Rx social anxiety disorder

A

CBT, SSRI, venlafaxine

benzo, B blocker

63
Q

Rx agoraphobia

A

CBT, SSRI, MAO inhibitors

64
Q

generalised anxiety disorder time
signs
Rx

A

over 6 months
restless, irritable, sleep disturbance, fatigue, concentration
CBT, SSRI, Busiprone (5HT-1a R)

65
Q

ego-dystonic behaviour

A

OCD symptoms which are inconsistant with one’s own beliefs

66
Q

OCD Rx

A

CBT, SSRI, clomipramine

67
Q

PTSD time

Rx

A

> 1 month

CBT, SSRI, venlafaxine

68
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

complaints, with anxiety, unconsciously making it up

69
Q

conversion disorder

A

loss of sensory/motor function following acute stress

sometimes aware but indifferent

70
Q

pseudocyesis

A

false belief of being pregnant - may have some signs

71
Q

Personality disorders
A
B
C

A

A - paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
B - antisocial, borderline, histrionic, barcissistic
C - avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, dependent

72
Q

odd/ eccentric, can’t develop meaningful social relationships

A

cluster A personality disorders

73
Q

schozoid

A

voluntary social withdrawl, limited emotional expression

74
Q

schizotypical

A

ecentric appearance, odd beliefs, interpersonal awkwardness

75
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

unstable mood and interpersonal relationships, impulsive, self mutilation, suicidal, sense of emptiness, splitting

76
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

xs emotion and excitability, attention seeking, overly concerned with appearance, sexually provocative

77
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A

sense of entitlement, lacks empathy, reacts to criticism with rage

78
Q

avoidant

A

hypersensitive, desires relationships with others, feels inadequate

79
Q

matatarsal stress fracture

A

anorexia

80
Q

refeeding syndrome

A

rise in insulin causes hypophosphatemia –> cardiac issues

81
Q

bulimia nervosa time

A

1/week for 3 months

82
Q

Russell sign

A

dorsal hand calluses from induced vomiting

83
Q

Drugs causing sexual dysfunction

A

antihypertensives, neuroleptics, SSRIs, ethanol

84
Q

when do sleep terrors occur?

A

non-REM sleep N3

85
Q

decreases hypocretin in lateral hypothalamus

A

nacrolepsy

86
Q

Rx narcolepsy

A

amphetamies, modafinil - daytime

sodium oxybate - nighttime

87
Q

barbituate s.e.

withdrawl

A

respiratory depression

CVS collapse

88
Q

violent, impulsive, htn, tachy, twitchy

Rx

A

phencyclidine

benzodiazapines

89
Q

visual/auditory distortion, depoersonalisation, paranoia, psychosis

A

lysergic acid diethylamide

90
Q

pharmacuitical marijuana

uses

A

dronabinol

antiemetic, appetitie stimulant

91
Q

naltrexone

A

long acting opioid antagonist, used for relapse prevention

92
Q

Rx alcoholism

A

disulfiram, acamprostate, naltrexone

93
Q

delirium tremens from
timing
Rx

A

alcohol withdrawl syndrome
2-4 days after last drink
benzodiazapines

94
Q

CNS stimulants
mechanism
use

A

-amine -phenidate
increase catecholaimes in synaptic cleft
ADHD, narcolepsy, appetite control

95
Q

typical antipsychotic mechanism

A

block D2

96
Q

s.e. typical antipsychotics

A

extrapyramidal, endocrine, dry mouth, long QT

97
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

orofacial chorea from long term-antipsych

98
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome from

Rx

A

antipsychotics

dantrolene, D2 agnoist (bromocriptine)

99
Q

antipsychotics with high potency

A

neuro side effects

100
Q

aripriprazole mechanism

A

D2 partial agonist

101
Q

atypicals mechanism

A

D2 antagonists, 5-HT2, a R, H1 R

102
Q

atypical s.e

A

QT length, anticholinergic

103
Q

-pines s.e

A

metabolic slowing

104
Q

colzapine s.e

A

agranulocytosis

105
Q

risperidone s.e

A

hyperprolactinemia

106
Q

Lithium s.e

A

LMNOP

Lithium, movement (tremor), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, hypOthyroidism, Pregnancy problems

107
Q

where is Li reabsorbed in kidneys?

how to increase removal

A

PCT with Na

use thiazides

108
Q

SSRIs
mechanism
s.e

A

-tine, -line, pram
5-HT reuptake inhibitors
GI, SIADH, decreased libido

109
Q

SNRIs
mechanism
s.e

A

-faxine, -pran, -zetine
inhibit 5-HT and NE reputake
htn, stimulant, sedation, nausea

110
Q

seratonin syndrome

A

NM activity, agitation, autonomic stimulation

111
Q

TCAs
mechanism
s.e

A

-tyline, -pramine, amoxapine, doxepin
block NE and 5-HT reuptake
convulsion, coma, cardiotoxicity (Na channel inhibition), resp depression, fever, anticholinergic, prolong QT

112
Q

MAO inhibitors
mechanism
s.e

A

tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid, selegilline (B)
increases amine neurotransmitters (NE, 5-HT, DA)
htn, CNS stimulation

113
Q

CI with MAO inhibitors

A

SSRI, TCA, St John’s Wort, Merperidine, dextromethorphan

114
Q

bupripion mechanism

s.e

A

increase NE and D

stimulant, headache, seizure in nervosa patients

115
Q

mirtazapine mechanism

s.e

A

a2 antagnoist, 5-HT2/3 R antagonist, H1 antagonist

sedation, weight gain, hunger, dry mouth

116
Q

trazodone mechanism

s.e

A

blocks 5-HT2, a1, H1, inhibits 5-HT uptake

sedation, priapism, nausea, hOtn

117
Q

varenicline mechanism
s.e
use

A

ACh R partial agonist
sleep disturbance
smoking cessation

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