Memorisation Flashcards
1
Q
HLA A3
A
Hemochromatosis
2
Q
HLA B8
A
Addison’s
Myasthenia Gravis
Graves disease
My m8 kennedy
3
Q
HLA DQ2/8
A
Celiac disease
4
Q
HLA DR2
A
Good Morning Lu
Goodpastures
Multiple Sclerosis
SLE
5
Q
HLA DR3
A
Great SAiD Hermionie Graves SLE Addison's DM1 Hashimotos
6
Q
HLA DR4
A
Ron At the Door
Rheumatoid
Addisons
DM1
7
Q
HLA DR5
A
Harry Potter stays alive
Hashimotos
Pernicious anaemia
8
Q
CD16, CD56
A
NK cells
9
Q
CD25, FOXP3
A
regulatory T cells
10
Q
CD80/86 (B7)
A
Dendritic cells which interact with CD28
11
Q
CD40L
A
Th2 cells which interact with B cells
12
Q
CD14
A
macrophages
13
Q
CD34
A
Haemopoietic stem cells
14
Q
hot t bone steak
A
Hot - fever T cell stimulation Bone marrow stimulation st IgE IgA K (Acute phase proteins)
15
Q
IL 8
A
neutrophil chemotaxis
16
Q
IL10
A
decrease MHCII and Th1
17
Q
IL12
A
Th1, NK cells
18
Q
TNFa
A
septic shock, increase WBC migration and vascular leakage
19
Q
INF-y
A
macrophage stimulation
20
Q
INFa+b
A
against viruses - break down nucleic acids and proteins
21
Q
respiratory burst
A
catalase positive organisms
22
Q
complement cascade (early and late)
A
early - encapsulated bacteria
MAC - gram negatives - neisseria
23
Q
MHCII
A
antigen presenting cells
dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells
24
Q
mitochondrial permeability
A
irreversible
25
nuclear pyknosis, karyohexis, karyolysis
irreversible
26
plasma membrane damage
irreversible
27
lysosomal rupture
irreversible
28
cellular/mitochondrial swelling
reversible
29
chromatin clumping
reversible
30
blebbing
reversible
31
ribosomal detachment
reversible
32
dispersal of Nissl substance throughout the cytoplasm, nucleus in the periphery
chromatolysis
| reaction to axonal cell injury
33
collagen types wound healing
Type III, after 1 week --> type I
34
tap with high LDH
exudate (inflammatory, lymphatic, malignancy)
35
pure red cell aplasia
thymoma
36
good syndrome (hypogammaglobulinemia)
thymoma
37
migratory superficial thrombophlebitis
trosseau sign
| adenocarcinoma - pancreas
38
anti-NMDA encephalitis
ovarian teratoma
39
opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia
neuroblastoma
| small cell lung cancer
40
paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
small cell lung cancer
gynae and breast
Hodgkins
41
antibodies against Hu
small cell lung cancer
42
ALK
oncogene
| lung adenocarcinoma
43
BRAF
oncogene
melanoma
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
44
c-KIT
oncogene
| GIST
45
c-MYC
oncogene
| Burkitt's
46
KRAS
oncogene
| colon, lung, pancreas
47
MYCL1
oncogene
| lung
48
MYCN
oncogene
| neuroblastoma
49
APC
tumour suppressor gene
| colon
50
CDKN2A
tumour suppressor gene
| melanoma, pancreas
51
p16
CDKN2A
| blocks G1-S phase
52
DCC
tumour suppressor gene
| colon cancer
53
PDC4
SMAD4
pancreas
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
54
NF2
tumour suppressor gene
| Merlin
55
PTEN
tumour suppressor gene
| breast, prostate, endometrial
56
TP53
tumour suppressor gene
| Li-Fraumeni
57
TSC1 + 2
tumour suppressor gene
Tuberous sclerosis
Harmatin + tuberin
58
thyroid radiation
papillary cancer
59
vinyl chloride
angiosarcoma of liver
60
carbon tetrachloride
centrilobular liver necrosis, fatty change
61
psammoma bodies
papillary thyroid cancer
serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
meningioma
malignant mesothelioma
62
CA125
ovary
63
CA15-3/27-29
breast
64
CEA
pancreas, colon, breast
| medullary thyroid
65
p-glycoprotein
adrenal cell carcinoma
66
sarcoma spread
blood
67
carcinoma spread
lymph
| minus HCC, RCC, follicular, choriocarcinoma
68
HCC spread
hematoganous
69
RCC spread
heme
70
follicular carcinoma spread
heme
71
choriocarcinoma spread
hemea
72
Bcl2
antiapoptotic
73
BAX/BAK
proapoptotic
74
STAT3 mutation
hyper-IgE
| Th17 deficiency
75
ATM gene
ataxia-telangectasia
| DNA break repair
76
CD40L defect
hyper IgM
77
LFA-1 defect
leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1
| CD18
78
LYST gene
lysosomal trafficking gene
| Chediak-Higashi
79
NADPH oxidase
chronic granulomatous disease
80
inheritance IL-12 receptor deficiency
AR
81
inheritance SICD
XR
| AR
82
inheritance hyper-IgM
XR
83
inheritance Wiskott-Aldrich
XR
84
inheritance leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1
AR
85
inheritance Chediak-Higashi
AR
86
adenosine deaminase deficiency
SCID
87
defective IL-2R gamma chain
SCID
88
anticentromere
LIMITED scleroderma (CREST)
89
anti-desmoglein/ anti-desmosome
pemphigus vulgaris
90
antiGAD
glutamic acid decarboxylase
| diabetes mellitus type 1
91
antihemidesmosome
bullous pemphygoid
92
anti-histome
drug induced lupus
93
anti-Jo-1
polymyositis, dermatomyositis
94
Anti-SRP, anti Mi2, histidyl tRNA synthetase
polymyositis, dermatomyositis
95
antimicrosomal
hashimoto's
96
antimitochondrial
primary biliary cirrhosis
97
antiphospholipase A2 receptor
primary membranous nephropahy
98
anti DNA topoisomerase I
anti-Scl-70
| scleroderma - DIFFUSE
99
anti smooth muscle
autoimmune hepatitis type I
100
anti SSA, SSB
sjogrens
| anti Ro, La
101
anti TSH
Graves
102
Anti-U1 RNP
mixed connective tissue disease
103
p-ANCA (Myeloperoxidase)
UC, PSC, Churg-Strauss, microscopic polyangitis
104
Proteinase3-ANCA (c-ANCA)
Granulomatosis with polyangitis
105
prevents IL-2 transcription
cyclosporine
106
binds FK506
tacrolimus
107
sirolimus
rapamycin
108
mTOR inhibitor
sirolimus
109
FKBP
sirolimus
110
inhibits IMP dehydrogenase
mycophenolate
111
NFkB inhibition
corticosteroids
112
alemtuzumab
CD52
113
bevacizumab
VEGF
114
cetiximab
ECFR
115
Rituximab
CD20
116
Trastuzumab
HER2
117
Adalimumab
TNF-a
118
Infliximab
TNF-a
| etanercept
119
Certolizumab
TNF-a
120
Eculizumab
Complement protein C5
121
Natalizumab
a4 integrin
122
Denosumab
RANKL
123
Platelet glycoproteins IIb/IIIa
Acbiximab
124
Omalizumab
IgE
125
Palivizumab
RSV F protein
126
Ranibizumab, bevacizumab
VEFG
127
increases Km
reversible competitive inhibitors
| doesn't change Vmax
128
decreases Vmax
irreversible competitive inhibitors
and noncompetitive inhibitors
don't change Km
129
potency
Km
130
efficacy
Vmax
131
-stigmine
anticholinesterase
132
-chol
cholinomimetic
133
edrophonium
anticholinesterase
134
organophosphate poisoning
anticholinesterase poisoning
135
Rx organophosphate poisoning
atropine + pralidoxime
136
- pine, -mine, -pium
muscarinic antagonists
137
oxybutynin, solifenacin, tolterodine
muscarinic agonist for overactive bladder
138
Rx atropine poisoning
pyridostigmine
139
isoproterenol
selective B agonist
140
NE
| E
alpha
| equal alpha and beta
141
toxin binding fast Na+ channels in heart/nerves
tetrodotoxin
| pufferfish
142
toxin opens Na+ channels causing depolarisation
ciguatoxin
| reef fish
143
bacterial histidine --> histamine
scombroid poisoning
| spoiled dark meat fish
144
arsenic poisoning
succimer, dimercaprol
145
amphetamine poisoning
NH4Cl - acidify urine
146
Metal poisoning
penicillamine
| Copper, Gold, Lead
147
cyanide poisoning
nitrite + thiosulfate + hydroxocolbamin
148
dimercaprol
gold, lead, mercury
149
-ivir
neuraminidase inhibitor
150
-navir
protease inhibitor
151
-ovir
DNA polymerase inhibitor
152
-curium
nondepolarising paralytic
153
a1
contraction, fight or flight
154
a2
inhibition, decreases sympathetic system
155
B3
lipolysis, thermogenesis
156
M1
CNS, enteric nervous system
157
M2
heart rate and contractility decrease
158
M3
relaxation state - rest and digest
159
D1
increases renal blood flow
160
V=
vasopressin
161
case-control
odds ratio
| with and without disease
162
cohort study
risk ratio
| with and without risk
163
rule out test
negative
164
negative skew
mean lowest
165
type I error
study finding there is a difference when there isn't
166
type II error
study doesn't find a difference, when one exists
167
power =
1 - chance of type II error (study not finding anything when there was a correlation)
168
liklihood of a type I error
p vaue
169
ANOVA
difference between 3 or more means
170
chi-squared
difference between 2 or more percentage or proportions of categorical outcomes
171
NAD requires
B3
172
FAD requires
B2
173
hexokinase
everywhere minus liver and pancreas
174
glucokinase
liver and pancreas
175
glycolysis
2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O
| Hot water PAN
176
arsenic inhibits
| causes
lipolic acid
| TCA to not produce ATP
177
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex cofactors
B1, 2, 3, 5, lipolic acid
178
TCA cycle produces
10 ATP, 3 NADH, 2CO2, FADH2, GTP
| double for per glucose
179
neuro problems, lactic acidosis, high serum alanine
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
| high fat diet with high lysine and leucine
180
cells that don't have sorbitol dehydrogenase
schwann cells, retina, kidneys, lens (mainly)
181
cherry red spot on mecula
Tay-Sachs
| + hepatosplenomegaly = Nieman-Pick
182
long bone aseptic necrosis
Gaucher disease
183
worsening eyesight, peripheral neuropathy, regressive milestones
Krabbe disease
184
clumsy, ataxia, dementia - child
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
185
XR lysosomal storage disease
Fabry
| Hunter
186
small purple blemishes, neuropathy, increased sweating
Fabry disease
187
corneal clouding, lung and liver issues, low IQ
Hurler
188
low IQ, gargoyle, Aggression
Hunter (XR)
189
hexosaminidase A deficiency
tay-sachs
| increased GM2
190
spingomyelinase deficiency
Nieman-Pick
191
glucocerebrosidase deficiency
Gaucher disease
192
galactocerebrosidase deficiency
Krabbe disease
193
arylsulfatase A deficiency
metachromatic leukodystrophy
| increased cerebroside sulfate
194
alpha galactosidase A deficiency
Fabry disease
| increased ceramide trihexoside
195
Increased heparan and dermatan sulfate
Hunter and Hurler syndromes
196
nausea, vomiting, vertigo, blurred vision
vitamin A acute toxicity
197
alopecia, dry skin, hepatic toxicity, enlargement, arthralgia, pseudotumour cerebri
chronic vitamin A toxicity
198
raised RBC transketolase activity after ... administration
B1
199
B1 needed in
TCA, HMP shunt
200
high output cardiac failure, edema, bad nutrition
B1 deficiency - wet beriberi
201
polyneuritis, symmetric muscle wasting, poor nutrition
B1 deficiency - dry beriberi
202
B2 needed in
FAD, FMN
| TCA cycle
203
lip inflammation, scaling and fissures at corners of mouth, corneal vascularisation
B2 deficiency
204
B3 needed for
NAD
205
B3 on lipids
decreases VLDL
| increases HDL
206
Glossitis, diarrhoea, dermatitis, dementia
B3 deficiency
207
facial flushing when taking tablet, which stops with aspirin
B3 (prostaglandin release)
208
CoA cofactor, fatty acid synthase
B5
209
dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency
B5 deficiency
210
peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemia
B6 deficiency
211
needed for transamination, heme, niacin, cystathionine, histamine, neurotransmitters, glycogen phosphorylase
B6
212
eggwhite binds
biotin - B7
213
B7 needed for
carboxylation in TCA
214
dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis
B7 deficiency
215
megaloblastic anemia, high homocystine, normal methylmalonic acid
B9 - folate deficiency
216
megaloblastic anemia, high homocystine, high methylmalonic acid
B12 deficiency
217
dopamine B hydroxylase cofactor
vitamin C
218
xs vitamin C in hemochromatosis
can precipitate iron toxicity
219
vitamin interacting with warfarin
vitamin E increases warfarin effects
220
vitamin causing hemolytic anaemia
vitamin E
221
hypogonadism, delayed wound healing, anosmia, acrodermititis
zinc deficiency
222
aldosterone causes
potassium loss
223
intellectual disability, growth retardation, seizures, fair skin, eczema, musty body odour
Phenylketonuria (AR)
| GIVE BH4
224
intellectual disability, CNS defects, tonic posturing, poor feeding
Maple syrup urine disease (AR)
| urine smells like burned sugar
225
urine turns black on standing
Alkaptonuria (AR)
226
marfinoid, osteoporosis, kyphosis, thrombosis, intellectual disability, lens subluxation
homocystinuria (AR)
| cystathionine-beta synthase (CBS) mutation
227
renal and visceral vessels, fibrinoid necrosis
polyarteritis nodosa
228
respiratory tract, lungs, kidneys
| necrotising, granulomatous
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
229
lungs, kidney, skin
| necrotising
microscopic polyangiitis
230
asthma, sinusitis, peripheral neuropathy, heart, GI, kidney
| necrotising, granulomas
Churg-Strauss
231
Post URTI
| palpable purpura, arthralgia, abdo pain
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
| IgA nephropathy
232
lynch syndrome inheritance
AD
HNPCC
MLH1 mismatch repair gene
233
port wine urine
acute porphyria
inhibits porohobilinogen deaminase
corproporphyrinogen builds up
234
tea coloured urine, blistering photosensitivity
porphyria tarda
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
uroporphyrinogen III builds up
235
Bernard-Souiler
AR
| GpIb deficiency
236
Glanzmann thrombasthenia
AR
| GpII/ IIIa deficiency
237
poor repetition + understanding
conduction aphasia
238
Butorphanol
partial u agonist
239
pentazocine
u antagonist
240
adult tumour cerebellum
hemangioblastoma
241
S-100 marker
schwannoma
242
oligodendroglioma found in
frontal lobes
243
adult tumour GFAP
glioblastoma multiforme - astrocytoma
| MALIGNANT
244
pliocyte astrocytoma
cerebellum
| GFAP
245
rosenthal fibres - eosinophilic + corkscrew
pliocyte astrocytoma
246
motor-oil fluid - brain tumour
craniopharyngeoma
247
supratentorial tumour
craniopharyngeoma
248
rod shaped blepharoplasts
ependymoma
249
obstructive hydrocephalus, vertical gaze palsy, precocious puberty
pinealoma
250
Homer-Wright rosettes, ataxia, child
medulloblastoma
251
tram track calcifications, port wine stain
Sturge-Weber
252
episcleral hemangioma, leptomeningeal angioma
Sturge-Weber
253
Harmatomas, angiofibroma, angiomyolipoma
Tuberous sclerosis
| Angiomyolipoma = renal tumour
254
Lisch nodules
NF1
| due to schwan cells
255
glioma, phaeochromocytoma
NF1
| due to schwann cells
256
lower lobes restrictive lung disease
asbestosis
257
Kulchitsky cells
small cell
258
Central lung tumours
Sentral
Small cell
Squamous cell
259
lytic lesions
multiple myeloma
260
sclerotic lesions
prostate metastasis
261
warfarin
PT
262
heparin
aPTT
263
decrease prevalence causes a decrease in
PPV
264
Birbeck granules
tennis rackets
| Langerhans histiocytosis
265
Endothelin 1
idiopathic pulmonary hypertension
266
Gp IIb/IIIa antibodies
ITP - idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
267
succinylcholine broken down by
pseudocholinesterase
268
succinylcholine
depolarising blocker
269
cavernous sinus thrombosis
CN VI damage
270
CKD
mixed metabolic acidosis
271
stop Ca kidney stones
thiazides
272
causes uric acid stones
thiazides
273
ammonium magnesium phosphate stones
urease positive bugs
274
8:14
Burkitts
c-myc
heavy Ig chain
275
14:18
follicular
heavy Ig chain
Bcl2
276
11:14
mantle
cyclin D
heavy Ig chain
277
15:17
APML M3 type
PML gene
retinoic acid receptor alpha gene - RARA
278
ruxolitinib
myelofibrosis
| JAK2
279
HGPRT
Lesch Nyhan
| purine salvage pathway
280
primitive pulmonary vein
smooth part of L atrium
281
smooth part of R atrium
right horn of sinus venosus
282
cardinal veins
SVC
283
y descent prominent, absent
constrictive pericarditis
| tamponade
284
wide splitting
RBBB
285
paradoxical splitting
LBBB, aortic steonsis
286
fixed splitting
ASD
287
htn Rx
get a VAT of drugs
Verapimil, ACE inhibitors, Thiazide
+- B blocker for diabetes/HF
288
smooth muscle relaxation uses
cGMP
| myelin dephosphorylation
289
pemphigus vulgaris
flaccid bullae
| desmosomes
290
bullous pemphigoid
tense bullae
| hemidesmosomes
291
diabetes drug causing pancreatitis
GLP-1 analogs
292
vaptans
```
ADH antagonists (block ADH receptors)
also demeclocycline (decrease renal tubule sensitivity)
for SIADH
```
293
desmopressin
ADH analog
294
ocreotide
somatostatin
inhibits GH
use for carcinoid tumours
295
fludrocortisone
aldosterone analog
296
Dopamine inhibits (think of parkinsons)
prolactin and TSH
297
Antipsychotic that doesn't cause galactorrhoea
Aripriprazole
| is a partial agonist at D2 receptors
298
colchicine
binds tubulin, inhibiting microtubules
decreases LB4
causes d&v, and abdo pain
299
roof of inguinal canal
internal oblique + transversus abdominus
300
floor of inguinal canal
inguinal ligament
301
posterior of inguinal ligament
tranversalis fascia
302
anterior of inguinal canal
apeneurosis of external oblique + internal oblique
303
indirect hernia
goes through internal ring
into the scrotum
lateral to epigastric vessels
304
direct hernia
```
inguinal triangle (Hesselbach)
medial to epigastric vessels
```
305
femoral hernia
below inguinal ligament
| femoral canal
306
less avid binding of 2,3 DPG
more avid binding of O2
307
acaanthocyte
spurr cell
| liver disease, abetalipoproteinemia
308
dacrocyte
teardrop cell
309
degmacyte
bite cell
310
echinocyte
burr cell
| renal disease, liver disease, pyruvate kinase deficiency
311
Target cell
HbC
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalassemia
312
hyperammonemia + increases orotic acid
ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
| vs orotic aciduria
313
transaxemic acid
antifibrinolytic
314
heparin
activates antithrombin
| decreases action of IIa and Xa
315
fondaparinux
increases antithrombin degredation of Xa
316
thrombolytics
increase conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
317
cilostazol, dipyridamole
phosphodiesterase inhibitors, inhibit plt aggregation (via cAMP)
318
abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban
bind IIb/IIIa
319
rifampin
inhibition of bacterial dependent RNA polymerase
320
ethambutol
inhibition of arabinosyl transferase
321
fungins
cell WALL
322
malassezia
tinea versicolour
| spaghetti and meatballs
323
dopamine agonists
bromocriptine
| pramipexole, ropinerole
324
increase dopamine availability
amantadine
325
COMT inhibitors
entacapone
| tolcopone - peripheral and CNS
326
selegiline
blocks dopamine conversion (MAO-B)
327
good for Parkinson's tremor
benztropine
| also for tardive dyskinesia
328
lichen planus
stratum granulosum
329
psoriasis skin layers
stratum corneum
330
acanthosis
epidermal hyperplasia - stratum sponosum
| acanthosis nigricans
331
acantholysis
phemphigus vulgaris
flaccid
+ mouth involvement
332
condyloma accuminata
HPV
333
acral lentiginous
melanoma on feet
334
zileuton
inhibits 5-lipoxygenase - leukotriene synthesis
335
montelukast
leukotriene receptor antagonsits
336
epoprostenol
prostacyclin for pulmonary htn
337
pyrophosphate analogs
bisphosphonates
338
teriperatide
recombinant PTH analog
339
probenecid
inhibits uric acid reabsorption in PCT
340
pegloticase
uric acid --> allantoin
| recombinant uricase
341
rasburicase
recombinant uricase
342
lichen planus
hep C
| Wickham striae
343
mosaicism
germline and somatic
344
heteroplasmy
mitochondrial
345
heterophile antibodies
EBV
346
degeneration of putamen
Wilson's
347
serotonin precursor
tryptophan
348
cyproheptadine
Rx for serotonin syndrome
| antiseratoninergic antihistamine
349
Down's etiology
meiosis 1 anaphase
350
non selective B blockers
second half of alphabet
| shouldn't be used with respiratory symptoms
351
disruption of vasa vasorum
tertiary syphilis
352
cystic medial necrosis of aorta
Marfans
353
tranylcypromine
MAO-A inhibitor
354
chlorpromazine
first generation anti psychotic
355
germline mosaicism
different cell lines in the testes/ovaries to the rest of the body
can lead to AD conditions
356
sublimation
channeling impulses into socially acceptable behaviours
357
displacement
transferring feelings to a more socially acceptable object
358
projection
projecting your feelings onto someone else
359
reaction formation
responding in the opposite way to your true feelings (becoming a nun)
360
schizophreniform
schizophrenia lasting less than 6 months
361
schizoaffective disorder
mood disorder + schizophrenia symptoms, < 2 weeks of schiz without mood disturbance
362
polyploidy
more than 2 complete sets of chromosomes exist in the cell
363
phenylephrine
alpha 1 agonist
364
phenoxybenzamine
a1 antagonist
| phaeochromocytoma Rx
365
genetic heterogeneity
different genes same result
366
pleiotropy
many phenotypic manifestations which appear unrelated, but are due to one gene defect
367
transformation
uptake of free DNA
368
transduction
bacteriophage mediated
369
chromosome 17
NF1, BRCA1, p53 (Li-Fraumeni)
370
Chromosome 14
Krabbe disease, a-1 antitrypsin deficiency
371
neural tube defects markers
increased AFP and AChE
372
unmyelinated fibres
post-ganglionic autonomic fibres
| C type free nerve endings (pain and temperature)
373
chromosome 4
Huntingdon's, achondroplasia, PKD2 (ADPKD), Hurler's
374
hemispatial neglect
nondominant parietal cortex
375
memantine
NMDA receptor antagonist
376
tetrabenazine, reserpine, haloperidol
Huntingdon's
377
Riluzole
decreases glutamate excitotoxicity
| ALS
378
paranoid vs delusion
delusion you think that you are being poisoned
| paranoid you think they are just watching you
379
Bounding pulse, head bobbing
Aortic regurg
380
high NH4
glutamate builds up
381
brown pigment stones
infection, beta glucoronidase
382
inhibits 7-a hydroxylase
fibrates
| increases risk of cholesterol stones
383
neuroblastoma associated with
n-myc
384
fluoxetine
SSRI
385
busiprone
used for GAD
| 5-HT agonist
386
mirtazapine
atypical antidepressant
| with a2 antagonism
387
methylphenidate
amphetamine derivative
| for ADHD
388
chromosome 16
ADPKD, alpha thalasemia
389
chromosome 6
ARPKD, hemochromatosis
390
chromosome 9
Tuberous sclerosis, Freidrich's ataxia, CDKN2A
391
Lynch syndrome associated with
endometrial, colorectal, skin, ovarian cancers
392
chromosome 5
FAP
393
chromosome 7
CF, William's syndrome
394
chromosome 11
Wilm's tumour, MEN1, B thalassaemia
395
chromosome 13
Wilson's, Rb, BRCA2
396
chromosome 15
Marfan's - FBN1 gene
397
statins s.e
rhabdomyalysis
| can lead to atn
398
MEN inheritance
AD
399
MSUD
defect in a-ketoacid dehydrogenase
| branched chain amino acids and ketoacids build up in the blood
400
essential a.a. in homocystinuria
cystine
401
essential a.a. in PKU
tyrosine
402
AKI + eosinophilia
acute interstitial nephritis
403
branched chain amino acids
valine, leucine, isoluecine
404
McCardle's
glycogen phosphorylase
405
phentolamine
alpha antagonist
406
don't give with HCM
vasodilators, diuretics
407
Don't give with prinzmetal angina
Dihydroergotamine (ergot alkaloid used for migraine treatment)
408
Clomiphene
brain E antagonist - enduces ovulation
409
Tamoxifen
Breast antagonist
| bone and uterus agonist
410
Raloxifene
Breast antagonist
Bone agonist
Uteris antagonist
411
Danazol
partial agonist at androgen receptors
412
nephritic kidney disease + hepatitis
MPGN
413
nephrotic kidney disease + hepaittis
Membranous
414
Kidney disease black/ hispanic vs white
FSGS
| Membranous
415
aldesleukin
RCC anti IL-2
416
WT1 deletion
WAGR - wilms tumour, aniridia, genitourinary malformation, mental retardation
417
WT1 mutation
Denys-Drash - wilm's tumour, nephrotic syndrome, male pseudohermaphroditism
418
WWT2 mutation
Beckwith-Wiedemann - wil'ms tumour, macroglossia, organomegaly, hemihyperplasia
419
respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation
420
diuretics metabolic alkalosis
acetazolamide, thiazides
421
can't concentrate urine
Osm <350mOsm
| renal and post renal
422
chromosome 19
Peutz-Jeghers
| harmatomatous polyps, freckles around the mouth
423
proptosis
XS gylcosaminoglycans
424
calretinin + cytokeratin
mesothelioma
425
first vs second generation antihistamines
1st - -en/-ine/-ate
| 2nd - -adine
426
antagonises NMDA receptors
dextromethorphan
| PCP
427
Disulfarim reaction
```
Sorry Pals, Can't Go Mingle
Sulfonureas - tolbutamide
Procarbazine
Cephalosporins, chloramphenicol
Griseofulvin
Metronidazole
```
428
terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
ALL
429
Weil-Felix
Rickettsia
| agglutination test
430
daclizumab, basiliximab
mab against IL-2
431
Councilman bodies
yellow fever
| hepatocytes
432
Dohle bodies
infection, pregnancy, trauma, cancer
| neutrophils
433
Pappenheimer bodies
sideroblastic anemia, sickle cell
| RBCs
434
Rubeola
Measles
435
protease inhibitor side effects
hyperglycemia, d&v, lipodystrophy, nephropathy
436
enfuvirtide
binds gp41
437
maraviroc
binds CCR-5 inhibiting gp120 interaction
438
-gravir
integrase inhibitors
439
s.e integrase inhibitors
increase CK
440
inhibits pol gene
protease inhibitors
441
nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz
NNRTIs
| don't require phosphorylation
442
abacavir, tenofovir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, stavudine, zidovudine
NRTIs
443
nucleotide inhibitor
Tenofovir
444
NRTI causing pancreatitis
didanosine
445
HIV drug requiring phosphorylation
NRTIs
446
P450 inducers
Chronic alcoholics steal phen phen and never refuse greasy carbs
chronic alcohol, phenytoin, phenobarbital, nevirapine, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine, st john's wart
447
P450 substrates
anti epileptics, theophylline, warfarin, OCPs
448
P450 inhibitors
to cip alcohol seems right Amy
| acute etoh, ritonavir, amiodarone, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin
449
uncal herniation
CN 3 palsy - blown pupil
450
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
brainstem death
451
transtentorial herniation
caudal displacement
basilar arteries rupture --> duret hemorrhages
usually fatal
452
subfalcine herniation
compress ACA
453
spermatogonium
stem cells
454
spermatocytes
undergoing meiosis
455
spermatid
1N haploid, undergone meiosis
456
spermatozoon
mature sperm ready for release
457
protein M
resistance to phagocytic killing
458
calcium pyrophosphate
pseudogout
459
digoxin toxicity
quinidine, amiodarone, verapamil, spironolactone
460
ristocetin
vWF disease
461
misoprostol
NSAID induced peptic ulcers
462
what substrate is Normal in folate deficiency
methylmalonic acid
463
ER
folds proteins, moves to golgi
464
Golgi
the post office - packages and sends things around the cell, and out of the cell in lysosomes etc.
465
metoclopramide
antiemetic, D2/5-HT antagonist at the CTZ; increases gastric emptying
466
reaction against plasma proteins in infused blood
allergic reaction
467
antibodies against donor HLA and WBC
febrile non hemolytic reaction
468
ABO incompatibility
intravascular acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
469
antibodies against foreign antigen on donor RBC
extravascular acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
470
Km
potency
471
V max
efficacy
472
chocolate blood
Methemoglobinuria
| methylene blue
473
cGMP
BNP, ANP, EDRF (NO)
| BAD GMP
474
cAMP
FLAT ChAMP
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, CRH, ADH, MSH, PTH
Calcitonin, GHRH, Glucagon, H2
475
IP3
GOAT HAG
| GnRH, oxytocin, ADH, TRH, H1, ATII, Gastrin
476
Tyrosin kinase receptors
Insulin, GF
477
Non receptor tyrosine kinase
PIGGlET
| prolactin, immunomodulators, GH, G-CSF, EPO, TPO
478
Apo E
chylomicron remnant uptake
479
Apo AI
activates LCAT
480
Apo B100
binds LDL R
481
Apo B-48
chylomicron secretion
482
C II
LPL cofactor
| can't offload lipids
483
carvedilol
B1, B2, a1 antagonist
484
fibrates
decrease VLDL, increase LPL
485
TAG
Cholesterol
Both
Fibrates
Ezetimibe
Statins
