Psychology Flashcards
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is usually associated with decreased _______ ____ volume/metabolism
frontal lobe
What is the difference between conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder?
Conduct disorder: violating the basic rights of others (may become antisocial personality disorder)
ODD: Defiant behavior toward authority figures in the absence of serious violations of social norms
Rett disorder is an X-linked disorder seen almost exclusively in _____
girls
What are the symptoms of Rett disorder? When do they become apparent?
regression characterized by loss of development, loss of verbal abilities, intellectual disability, ataxia, and stereotyped hand-wringing
Apparent around ages 1-4
How does EEG differ between delirium and dementia?
Delirium: abnormal EEG
Dementia: EEG usually normal
What antipsychotic is mainly used for delirium?
Haloperidol
What is a hypnagogic hallucination? What is a hypnopompic hallucination?
Hypnagogic - occurs while going to sleep
Hypnopompic - occurs while waking from sleep
DIG FAST requirements for a manic episode?
Distractibility Irresponsibility Grandiosity Flight of ideas Agitation Sleep decrease Talkativeness
What is Cyclothymic disorder?
Dysthmia and hypomania lasting at least 2 years
What is the difference between bipolar I and bipolar II?
Bipolar I: Presence of at least 1 manic episode
Bipolar II: Presence of a hypomanic and a depressive episode
SIG-E-CAPS in MDD?
Sleep disturbance Loss of Interest Guilt or feelings of worthlessness Energy loss and fatigue Concentration problems Appetite/Weight changes Psychomotor retardation or agitation Suicidal ideations
What happens to REM sleep in MDD?
Decreased REM latency
Increased REM early in sleep cycle
Increased total REM sleep
Difference between Social anxiety disorder and agoraphobia?
Social anxiety disorder: Exaggerated fear of embarrassment in social situations
Agoraphobia: Exaggerated fear of open or enclosed places, using public transportation, being in lines or in crowds, or leaving home alone
Unexplained symptoms or complaints in a patient with no conscious attempt to deceive is…
A somatoform disorder
What is conversion disorder (a somatoform disorder)?
Sudden loss of sensory or motor function following an acute stressor; the patient is aware of but sometimes indifferent toward symptoms (“la belle indifference”)
What is the difference between regression and fixation?
Regression: Turning back the maturational clock and going back to earlier modes of dealing with the world
Fixation: Partially remaining at a more childish level of development
Cluster A personality disorders
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Cluster B Personality Disorders
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
Cluster C Personality Disorders
Avoidant
Obsessive-Compulsive
Dependent
What is the major defense mechanism for Paranoid personality disorder? Borderline personality disorder?
Paranoid: Projection
Borderline: Splitting
What is deficient and where in narcolepsy?
Decreased orexin production in the lateral hypothalamus
What serum enzyme is a sensitive indicator of alcohol use?
Serum Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)
How is PCP intoxication treated?
Benzodiazepines, rapid acting antipsychotics
Vertical and horizontal nystagmus are seen in intoxication with…
PCP
What is the preferred drug treatment for ADHD
Methylphenidate
Which atypical antipsychotic is associated with agranulocytosis and seizure as a side effect?
Clozapine
Which atypical antipsychotic is associated with increased prolactin, decreased GnRH, LH, and FSH as a side effect?
Risperidone
How is serotonin syndrome treated?
Cyproheptadine (5HT2 receptor antagonist)
How is Tricyclic Antidepressant toxicity treated?
What are the three main features of TCA toxicity?
NaHCO3
Tri-Cs: Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxicity
What is the difference between avoidant personality disorder and paranoid personality disorder?
Paranoid: pervasive distrust and suspiciousness
Avoidant: Hypersensitive to rejection, feelings of inadequacy; desires relationships with others
