Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 1 High Yield > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the α2 receptor?

A

Decrease in sympathetic outflow
Decrease in insulin release
Decrease in lipolysis
Increase in platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of the β1 receptor?

A

Increased heart rate
Increased contractility
Increased renin release
Increased lipolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of the β2 receptors?

A

Vasodilation, bronchodilation
Increased heart rate
Increased contractility
Increased lipolysis, increased insulin release
Decreased uterine tone, ciliary muscle relaxation
Increased aqueous humor production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the functions of the M1 receptor?

A

CNS, enteric nervous system activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of the M2 receptor?

A

Decreased heart rate and contractility of atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the functions of the M3 receptor?

A

Increased exocrine gland secretions
Increased gut peristalsis
Increased bladder contraction, bronchoconstriction
Increased pupillary sphincter muscle contraction (miosis)
Ciliary muscle contraction (accommodation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the major function of the D1 receptor?

A

Relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the major function of the D2 receptor?

A

Modulates transmitter release, especially in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the functions of the H1 receptor?

A

Increased nasal and bronchial mucus production
Increased vascular permeability
Contraction of bronchioles, pruritis, and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the major function of the H2 receptor?

A

Increased gastric acid secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the major function of the V1 receptor (vasopressin)?

A

Increased vascular smooth muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the major function of the V2 receptor?

A

Increased H2O permeability and reabsorption in the collecting tubules of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is associated with cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning (DUMBBELSS)?

A 
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchospasm
Bradycardia
Excitation (of skeletal muscle and CNS)
Lacrimation
Sweating
Salivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is associated with Atropine (Muscarinic antagonist) toxicity?

A 
Hot as a hare
Dry as a bone
Red as a beet (flushed skin)
Blind as a bat (cycloplegia)
Mad as a hatter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does norepinephrine (α1>α2>β1) cause bradycardia?

A

Reflex bradycardia due to increased blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between the α blockers Phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine?

A

Phenoxybenzamine is irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the effect of an alpha blocker on blood pressure responses to epinephrine (β>α) and phenylephrine (α1>α2)?

A

The epinephrine response exhibits reversal of the mean blood pressure change, from a net increase (the α response) to a net decrease (the β2 response). The response to phenylephrine is suppressed but not reversed because phenylephrine is a “pure” α agonist without β action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

β1 selective agonists go mostly from _ to _ (in the alphabet)

A

A-M

Acebutolol (partial), Atenolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol

19
Q

Non-selective β antagonists mostly go from _ to _ (in the alphabet)

A

N-Z

Nadolol, pindolol (partial), Propanolol, Timolol

20
Q

What is administered with cyclophosphamide to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Mesna

21
Q

What are the sulfa drugs? (Popular FACTSSS)

A 
Probenecid
Furosemide
Acetazolamide
Celecoxib
Thiazides
Sulfonamide antibiotics
Sulfasalazine
Sulfonylureas
22
Q

What are the functions of the α1 receptor?

A

Increase in vascular smooth muscle contraction
Increase in pupillary dilator muscle contraction
Increase in intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contraction

23
Q

What are the CYP450 inducers?

A 
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
Phenytoin
Rifampin
Griseofulvin
"Guinness, Coronas, and PBRs induce chronic alcoholism"
24
Q

What are the CYP 450 Inhibitors?

A 
Cimetidine
Ciprofloxacine
Erythromycin
Azole antifungals
Grapefruit juicce
Isoniazid
Ritonavir (protease inhibitors)
25
Q

Which drugs have anticholinergic side effects?

A

Typical neuroleptics: Thioridazine, chlorpromazine
1st generation antihistamines: Diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine
TCAs: Amitriptyline
Amantadine

26
Q

Which drugs are eliminated with zero-order elimination?

A

Phenytoin
Ethanol
Asprin
“A PEA is round like zero”

27
Q

On a lineweaver-Burk plot, what is the X axis? What is the Y axis?

A

X axis: 1/[S]

Y axis: 1/[V]

28
Q

On a Lineweaver-Burk Plot, what is represented by the point where the line crosses the y axis? the x axis? What is represented by the slope?

A

Crosses Y axis: 1/Vmax
Crosses X axis: 1/(-Km)
Slope: Km/Vmax

29
Q

A drug infused at a constant rate takes _ - _ half lives to reach steady state

___ half lives to reach 90% of the steady state

A

4-5

3.3

30
Q

What is the equation for loading dose of a drug?

A

Loading dose = (Cp x Vd)/F

Cp = target plasma concentration at steady state
F = bioavilability
31
Q

What is the equation for maintenance dose?

A

Maintenance dose = (Cp x CL x t)/F

Cp = target plasma concentration at steady state
CL = clearance
t = dosage interval (time between doses)
32
Q

Nicotinic ACh receptors are ligand gated ________ channels

Muscarinic ACh receptors are ________ _______ receptors

A

Nicotinic ACh receptors are ligand gated Na+/K+ channels

Muscarinic ACh receptors are G-protein coupled receptors

33
Q

What drug is given for atropine overdose?

A

Physostigmine

34
Q

What was previously used for the diagnosis of MG? What is used now?

A

Previously: Edrophonium (anticholinesterase)
Now: AChR Ab (anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody) test

35
Q

What is the antidote for cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning?

A

Atropine

36
Q

What are the effects of dopamine at low doses? High doses?

A

Dopamine (D1=D2 > β > α)
Used for unstable bradycardia, heart failure, and shock at low/middle doses
Inotropic and chronotropic α effects predominate at high doses

37
Q

Why do you never give β blockers when cocaine intoxication is suspected?

A

Can lead to unopposed α1 activation and extreme hypertension

38
Q

What are the α2 sympatholytics (agonists) - when are they used

A

Clonidine - hypertensive urgency (does not decrease renal blood flow)
α-methyldopa - hypertension in pregnancy

39
Q

What α blocker do you give to MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine containing foods?

A

Phentolamine (reversible)

40
Q

How do Beta blockers affect glaucoma?

A

Decrease secretion of aqueous humor (timolol)

41
Q

How is β blocker overdose treated?

A

Glucagon

42
Q

How is methanol/ethylene glycol overdose treated?

A

Fomepizole

43
Q

What drugs can cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis (HAVAc)

A

Halothane
Amanita phalloides
Valproate
Acetaminophen

44
Q

Which drugs redistribute to fat? (Fat PiG)

A

Protease inhibitors, Glucocorticoids

Step 1 High Yield (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions