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Step 1 High Yield > Microbiology - Not in Picmonic > Flashcards

Microbiology - Not in Picmonic Flashcards

1
Q

Aside from Burkitt lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma and mononucleosis, what other disorder is associated with EBV?

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

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2
Q

What type of atypical lymphocyte is associated with EBV mononucleosis?

A

Reactive cytotoxic T-cells

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3
Q

How is CMV transmitted?

A

Congenitally and by transfusion, sexual contact, saliva, urine, and transplant

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4
Q

Which HHV causes Kaposi sarcoma?

A

HHV8

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5
Q

Describe the appearance of Kaposi sarcoma

A

Dark/violaceous flat and nodular skin lesions representing endothelial growths - can also affect GI tract and lungs

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6
Q

What Reovirus causes Colorado tick fever? What is another classification of this virus?

A

Coltivirus - An arbovirus because transmitted by arthropods

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7
Q

All RNA viruses are single stranded except _______

A

Reoviruses

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8
Q

What is the name of the polio vaccine?

A

Polio-Salk/Sabin vaccine

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9
Q

What ions have decreased absorption in rotavirus?

A

Decreased absorption of Na+ and loss of K+

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10
Q

HEV and HDV are part of which virus families?

A

HEV: Hepevirus (non-enveloped, positive sense linear icosahedral)
HDV: Delta virus (enveloped, negative sense circular)

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11
Q

What viral family is Norovirus and what does it cause?

A

Caliciviruses - viral gastroenteritis (cruise ships + watery diarrhea)

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12
Q

What diseases/viruses are associated with flaviviruses?

A

HCV, Yellow fever, Dengue (arbovirus), St. Louis encephalitis (arbovirus), and West Nile virus (Arbovirus)

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13
Q

What togaviruses are also arboviruses?

A

Eastern equine encephalitis and Western equine encephalitis

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14
Q

Hairy Leukoplakia in association with HIV CD

A

EBV

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15
Q

What are the two retroviruses and what is the disease associated with each?

A

HTLV - T-cell leukemia

HIV - AIDS

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16
Q

What helical virus causes the common cold and SARS?

A

Coronavirus

17
Q

What are the 3 C’s of Measles?

A

Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis

18
Q

What types of spots and rashes are seen in measles?

A

Koplik spots: bright red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa (precedes rash)
Rash: descending maculopapular rash

19
Q

What protein in paramyxoviruses causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells?

A

Surface F (fusion) protein

20
Q

What family of viruses causes Ebola?

A

Filoviruses

21
Q

What viruses come from the arenavirus family and how is their RNA structure organized?

A

LCMV (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) and Lassa fever encephalitis (spread by mice)
RNS structure: SS(-) circular with 2 segments

22
Q

What diseases come from the bunyavirus family and how is their RNA structure organized?

A

California encephalitis (arbovirus)
Sandfly/Rift valley fevers (arbovirus)
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (arbovirus)
Hantavirus - hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia

23
Q

In HIV describe the functions of the following proteins…
env (gp120 and gp41):
gag (p24):
pol:

A 
env 
- gp120: attachment to host CD4+ t-cell
- gp41: fusion and entry
gag (p24): capsid protein
pol: reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase
24
Q

What are the three forms or prion disease?

A

Sporadic: Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia
Inherited: Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker
Acquired: Kuru

25
Q

How are Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral meningitis differentiated?

A

Bacterial: Decreased sugar and increased PMNs
Fungal/TB: Decreased sugar and increased lymphocytes
Viral: Normal sugar and Increased Lymphocytes

26
Q

What treatments are associated with the different presentations of Candida?
Vaginal:
Oral/esophageal:
Systemic:

A

Vaginal: topical azole
Oral/esophageal: Fluconazole or capsofungin
Systemic: Amphotericin B or capsofungin

27
Q

What type of carcinoma is associated with the aflatoxins from aspergillus?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

28
Q

What agar is used to culture Cryptococcus?

A

Sabouraud agar

29
Q

What is the treatment for mucor and rhizopus?

A

Amphotericin B

30
Q

Aside from TMP-SMX, what else can used to treat pneumocystis jirovecii?

A

Pentamidine, Dapsone, Atovaquone

31
Q

What is the function of gram negative ENDOTOXINS (that is a hint)

A 
Edema
Nitric Oxide
DIC/death
Outer membrane
TNF-alpha
O-Antigen
Xtremely heat stable
IL-1
Neutrophil chemotaxis
32
Q

What is the toxoplasmosis “classic triad”

A

Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications

33
Q

How is babesia treated?

A

Atovaquone + Azithromycin

34
Q

Shigella invades the GI mucosa by first gaining access to __ cells in ______ __________ through endocytosis

A

M cells in Peyer’s patches

Step 1 High Yield (21 decks)

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