Psychological Treatments Flashcards
egosyntonic disorders
patient sees disorder as adventageous
egodystonic disorders
patient sees disorder as undesirable
stages of change
1) pre-contemplation
2) contemplation
3) preperation
4) action
5) maintanance
pre-contemplation
- unwillingness to accept the problem
- egosyntonic disorders
contemplation
- acknowledges problem
- egodystonic disorders
preparation
preparation / ready for change
action
changes in the behaviour
maintenance
avoidance of unhealthy behaviour
psychologist
have a doctoral psychology degree
therapist
freely available to be used by any mental health service provider
liscenced psychologist
psychologist with specific training in clinical or counselling psychology
psychiatrist
medical doctor with advanced training
efficacy
ability to produce desired effect in a highly controlled setting (lab)
effectiveness
ability to produce desired effect in a real word setting
pharmacotherapy
treatment using medication
antipsychotics
- block dopamine receptors in brain
- give positive schizofrenia symptoms?
tricylics
block reuptake of neurotransmitters in the presynaptic nerve endings then elevate levels in the synapse by build up
monoamines oxidase inhibitors
block function of enzyme that degrades the neurotransmitters tryamine, serotonin, dopsamine and norepinephrine. Therfore increases neurotransmitters
SSRI’s
effective and cannot me used for suicides
antianxiety meds
benzodiazapines, activate benzodiazapines and increase the GABA attachment
electro convulsive therapy
- the electrical current sent through an electrode attached to the scalp, stimulating a seizure
- used for severe depression and mania
- safe for pregnancy
psychosurgery
- 1930-1950
- frontal lobotomy to treat a variety of symptoms
Mindfulness-based approach
- ideas and practices rooted in Buddhist philosophy and meditation
- distress is thought to alleviate through distancing negative thought and emotional reactions
- goal is to achieve a sense of wellbeing
Systems Approach to Therapy
- the primary focus is on the relationship between TWO OR MORE co-participants
- maladaptive patterns are thought to originate from patterns of communication and behavior within the system
- goal is to replenish a healthful state
- reframing (alternative viewpoints) and prescriptions (engage family members in certain behaviour patterns)
Behavioural Therapy
- focuses on observable traits
- uses conditioning to modify maladaptive behaviours
- goal is to replace maladaptive bahviours with adaptive bahaviours
- early life NOT typically focused on
Cognitive Therapy
- focuses on maladaptive thoughts that characterize distressed individuals
- educates people on how to identify their own thoughts
- target automatic thoughts and core schemas
- cognitive distortions: self-regulated misinterpretations of reality
- dichotomous thinking: considering only extreme points of view
- minimizing: downplaying positive outcomes
Humanistic / Client-Centered Training
- recognizes and celebrates the autonomy of the client
- distress is thought to come from thoughts and self-concept of oneself do not match
- authoritative stance avoided
- use unconditional positive regard
Psychoanalytic / Psychodynamic Therapy
- developed by Freud to asses the by freud to asses the mind
- believe root of many disorders are hidden unconsciously, finding coping mechanisms
- the goal of therapy is to gather info on the unconscious.
- 3 levels of consciousness
1) conscious
2) preconscious
3) unconscious - 3 levels of awareness
1) id (instinct)
2) ego (realistic part)
3) superego (moralizing part)
Rosenhan
- sent confederates to a psychiatric hospital
- took about 19 days to be released
- told hospital this time potentially confederates may be coming
- the hospital identified 41 people as confederates
- he sent no ones
- therefore cannot distinguish the sane from the insane in a psychiatric hospital
