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PSYCH 1XX3 > Form Perception > Flashcards

Form Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Gestalt principle

A

the whole is greats than the sum of its parts

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2
Q

1) figure-ground

A

ability to distinguish an object from its background

flowers and floral wallpaper

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3
Q

2) proximity

A

object close together belong together

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4
Q

3) closure

A

the tendency to lose gabs in to perceive a whole effect

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5
Q

4) similarity

A

the tendency to group together things that are physically similar

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6
Q

5) continuity

A

the ability to perceive a simple continuous form rather than a combination of awkward forms

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7
Q

6) common fate

A

the tendency to group things together that move and change in the same way

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8
Q

bottom-up processing

A

recognition guided by features of a stimulus

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9
Q

top-down processing

A

recognition guided by beliefs and expectations

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10
Q

priming effect

A

processing is more efficient if primed to expect a certain category

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11
Q

bidirectional processing

A

bottom-up and top-down processing working togehter

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12
Q

geon theory

A
  • we have 36 geons

- using just these we recognize over 150 million objects

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13
Q

template theory

A

we store many diffrent templates in memory

if unfamiliar object seen, create a new template

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14
Q

prototype theory

A

we atore typical / ideal exa,lpe in memory, this is more flexible

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15
Q

1) shape constancy

A

no matter perspective of location

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16
Q

2) location constancy

A

despite mving on retina pecieved to be stationary (tree while driving by)

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17
Q

3) size constancy

A

despite sie of retinal image (close vs. far)

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18
Q

4) brightness constancy

A

despite reflecting more or less light

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19
Q

5) colour constancy

A

despiteillumination changes

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20
Q

illusions

A

brain processing ambiguous or partial visual information

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21
Q

Müller - Lyer Illusion

A

(lines of same length with arrows facing either way)

missapplying size constancy

22
Q

Ames Room Illusion

A

(room looks square but is trazoidal so person B looks much closer)
missapplying size constancy

23
Q

Ponzo Illusion

A

(two horizontal lines and two converging lines)

missaplying size constancy

24
Q

parvocellular pathway

A

retina > axons > optic nerve > LGN > primary visual cortex

25
Q

magno cells

A

mainly in the periphery of the retina

detect changes in brightness, motion and depth

26
Q

parvo cells

A

throughout retina

detects changes in colour, pattern and form

27
Q

simple cells

A

responds based on orientation

opponent fashion

28
Q

complex cells

A

respond based on orientation and direction

no “off-zones”

29
Q

supercomplex cells

A

respond based on orientation, direction, and length

have very specific inhibitory regions

30
Q

retinotopic mapping

A

neighboring objects on the visual field will be processed by neighboring areas in your brain

31
Q

cortical columns

A

there are 5 layers of neurons, each layer responding to stimuli that come from the same category

32
Q

preferential looking method

A

used to determine that infants prefer the most complex stimuli they can percieve

33
Q

where do we focus?

A

under two months: outer contour

over two months: whole shape

34
Q

can percieve shapes when given only part of shape

A

3 months

35
Q

can determine seperate object if move independently

A

3 months

36
Q

begin to use colour and texture to differentiate objects

A

5 months

37
Q

when do infants begin to develop and understand shape brightness and colour constancies

A

4 months

38
Q

some sense of size constancy when?

A

4-5 months (stared longer at bigger bear))

39
Q

innate face preferences

A

4 days: prefer faces
2 months: prefer attractive faces
5 months: can detect emotional expression

just a preference for complex stimuli?

40
Q

vision development requires

A

gne and enviroment interaction

41
Q

visual deprivation for 3-4 days at 1 month old

A

brain region begins to deteriorate

42
Q

visual deprivation for 1+ week at 1 month age

A

visual regions have severe and perminant damage

43
Q

cataract

A

distrupt light from passing through lens

44
Q

PVC damage

A

like looking through a keyhols, will lose vision in some areas

45
Q

extrastriate cortex damage

A

distrupt recognition of objects

46
Q

object agnosia

A

cannot detect object by sight but can by touvh

47
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recogize faces

fusiform face area is damages

48
Q

face on mars

A

people look for meaning in ambiguous stimuli

49
Q

hollow face illusion

A

appears like face pops out and rotating opposite way

50
Q

inverted face

A

mot as sensitive to changes when faces are upside down

PSYCH 1XX3 (11 decks)

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