Form Perception

Question 1

Gestalt principle

Answer 1

the whole is greats than the sum of its parts

Question 2

1) figure-ground

Answer 2

ability to distinguish an object from its background

flowers and floral wallpaper

Question 3

2) proximity

Answer 3

object close together belong together

Question 4

3) closure

Answer 4

the tendency to lose gabs in to perceive a whole effect

Question 5

4) similarity

Answer 5

the tendency to group together things that are physically similar

Question 6

5) continuity

Answer 6

the ability to perceive a simple continuous form rather than a combination of awkward forms

Question 7

6) common fate

Answer 7

the tendency to group things together that move and change in the same way

Question 8

bottom-up processing

Answer 8

recognition guided by features of a stimulus

Question 9

top-down processing

Answer 9

recognition guided by beliefs and expectations

Question 10

priming effect

Answer 10

processing is more efficient if primed to expect a certain category

Question 11

bidirectional processing

Answer 11

bottom-up and top-down processing working togehter

Question 12

geon theory

Answer 12

• we have 36 geons

- using just these we recognize over 150 million objects

Question 13

template theory

Answer 13

we store many diffrent templates in memory

if unfamiliar object seen, create a new template

Question 14

prototype theory

Answer 14

we atore typical / ideal exa,lpe in memory, this is more flexible

Question 15

1) shape constancy

Answer 15

no matter perspective of location

Question 16

2) location constancy

Answer 16

despite mving on retina pecieved to be stationary (tree while driving by)

Question 17

3) size constancy

Answer 17

despite sie of retinal image (close vs. far)

Question 18

4) brightness constancy

Answer 18

despite reflecting more or less light

Question 19

5) colour constancy

Answer 19

despiteillumination changes

Question 20

illusions

Answer 20

brain processing ambiguous or partial visual information

Question 21

Müller - Lyer Illusion

Answer 21

(lines of same length with arrows facing either way)

missapplying size constancy

Question 22

Ames Room Illusion

Answer 22

(room looks square but is trazoidal so person B looks much closer)
missapplying size constancy

Question 23

Ponzo Illusion

Answer 23

(two horizontal lines and two converging lines)

missaplying size constancy

Question 24

parvocellular pathway

Answer 24

retina > axons > optic nerve > LGN > primary visual cortex

Question 25

magno cells

Answer 25

mainly in the periphery of the retina | detect changes in brightness, motion and depth

Question 26

parvo cells

Answer 26

throughout retina | detects changes in colour, pattern and form

Question 27

simple cells

Answer 27

responds based on orientation | opponent fashion

Question 28

complex cells

Answer 28

respond based on orientation and direction | no "off-zones"

Question 29

supercomplex cells

Answer 29

respond based on orientation, direction, and length | have very specific inhibitory regions

Question 30

retinotopic mapping

Answer 30

neighboring objects on the visual field will be processed by neighboring areas in your brain

Question 31

cortical columns

Answer 31

there are 5 layers of neurons, each layer responding to stimuli that come from the same category

Question 32

preferential looking method

Answer 32

used to determine that infants prefer the most complex stimuli they can percieve

Question 33

where do we focus?

Answer 33

under two months: outer contour | over two months: whole shape

Question 34

can percieve shapes when given only part of shape

Answer 34

3 months

Question 35

can determine seperate object if move independently

Answer 35

3 months

Question 36

begin to use colour and texture to differentiate objects

Answer 36

5 months

Question 37

when do infants begin to develop and understand shape brightness and colour constancies

Answer 37

4 months

Question 38

some sense of size constancy when?

Answer 38

4-5 months (stared longer at bigger bear))

Question 39

innate face preferences

Answer 39

4 days: prefer faces 2 months: prefer attractive faces 5 months: can detect emotional expression just a preference for complex stimuli?

Question 40

vision development requires

Answer 40

gne and enviroment interaction

Question 41

visual deprivation for 3-4 days at 1 month old

Answer 41

brain region begins to deteriorate

Question 42

visual deprivation for 1+ week at 1 month age

Answer 42

visual regions have severe and perminant damage

Question 43

cataract

Answer 43

distrupt light from passing through lens

Question 44

PVC damage

Answer 44

like looking through a keyhols, will lose vision in some areas

Question 45

extrastriate cortex damage

Answer 45

distrupt recognition of objects

Question 46

object agnosia

Answer 46

cannot detect object by sight but can by touvh

Question 47

prosopagnosia

Answer 47

inability to recogize faces | fusiform face area is damages

Question 48

face on mars

Answer 48

people look for meaning in ambiguous stimuli

Question 49

hollow face illusion

Answer 49

appears like face pops out and rotating opposite way

Question 50

inverted face

Answer 50

mot as sensitive to changes when faces are upside down