Neuroscience 2 Flashcards
Neuraxis standing upright
back: dorsal
Bottom: caudal
Frint: ventral
Neuraxis curved
front: rostral
back: caudal
top: dorsal
bottom: ventral
induced lesion study
human brain lesions are rarely isolated to a specific structure, but animals brain lesions can be studied
stimulation and observation
electrically stimulate an area of the brain, Often used on epileptic patients
single cell recording
electrodes used to insert into nervous tissue, neural activity recorded
CT scan
- structural imaging
- relatively quick and inexpensive
- low resolution
MRI
- structural imaging
- precise and detailed image
- aligns H+ ions
PET Scan
- functional imaging
- invasive
- use of radioactive materials
fMRI
- function imaging
- non-invasive
- looks at brain O2 use
EEG & ERP
- functional imaging
- through a cap on the scalp
Hind Brain
- made up of te medulla, pons, reticular formation and cerebellum
- relas info to cerebellum
medulla
regulates vital body functions
pons
relays info about movement
reticular formation
posture and balacnce
cerebellum
coordinates movement
Midbrain
made up of the tectum and tegmentum
tectum
- superior colliculus: eye movement and visual reflexes
- inferior colliculus: auditory integration
tegmentum
- red nucleus: motor control
- substantia nigra: reward related behaviour
Forebrain
made up of the hypothalmus, pituitary gland, thalmus, amygdala and hippocampus
hypothalmus
fight, flight, feeding, reproduction
pitutitary gland
anterior: recieves signals from hypothalmus
posterior: releases oxytocin and vasopressin (regulates thirst, uterine contractions, lactation)
thalmus
processes and relays info to selective areas of the cerebral cortex
amygdala
fear response
hippocampus
memory, ability to navigate
Cerebral cortex
made up of 4 parts occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, frontal lobe
how do we increase surface area
gyri and sulci
deep grooves to divide areas
fissures
occipital lobe
basic visual processing
temporal lobe
higher visual processing
basic auditory processing
parietal lobe
processing touch
spatioal representation
homonculus
homonculus
area associates with more sensory or movement is assignemed more of parietal lobe (finger tips)
frontal lobe
decision making
motor control
symmetry
many structures exist on both sides of the brain
asymmetry
functions specializing on one side of brain
brocas area
left side
production of speech
Wernicke’s area
left side
comprehension of speech
corpus collosum
send info between 2 hemispheres
split brain syndrome
unable to communicate between 2 hemispheres
Left brain lateralization
- words and letters
- language sounds
- verbal memory
- speech and grammar rules
Right brain lateralization
- geometric shapes and patterns
- faces
- non language cues
- non verbal memory
- sense of direction
theory of mind
the ability to attribute mental states and understand that others beliefs may be different than our own
phantom limb
lost a limb but still experience sensation ther
treat with mirrir box or addapting inanimate object as own
