Neuroscience 1

Question 1

how many neurons are in the brain

Answer 1

about 100 billion

Question 2

receptive zone

Answer 2

part of the neuron that recieves signals

Question 3

transmission zone

Answer 3

part of the neuron that passes signals on

Question 4

dendrites, cell body, nucleus

Answer 4

receptive zone

Question 5

node of ranvier, acon, myelin, axon terminals

Answer 5

transmission zone

Question 6

action potential

Answer 6

firing of neurons, all or nothing event

Question 7

selective permeability

Answer 7

preferentially allowing certain ions across the membrane

Question 8

resting potential

Answer 8

-70mv,

Question 9

electrostatic force

Answer 9

Na+ keeps Cl- primarily outside of the cell

Question 10

diffusion

Answer 10

sodium flows in very small amounts into the cells

Question 11

leaky K+ channel

Answer 11

a major contributor to resting potential

Question 12

voltage-gated K+ channel

Answer 12

important player for action potential

Question 13

steps of action potential

Answer 13

1) reaching the threshold
2) the rise
3) the peak
4) the fall

Question 14

the rise

Answer 14

1) sodium channels open and Na rushes into the neuron, increasing charge in neuron
2) K+ voltage-gated channels open allowing K+ to rush out

Question 15

the peak

Answer 15

once reached about -40mv sodium channels close, Na+ stops entering but K+ continues to rush out

Question 16

The fall

Answer 16

• continues to fall and overshoots to about -100mv
• voltage-gated K+ channels close
• slowly returns to -70mv

Question 17

restoring resting potential

Answer 17

• Na+/K+ pump
• moves slow
• uses a lot of energy
• pumps 3 Na+ out
  pumps 2 K+ in

Question 18

saltatory conduction

Answer 18

the movement of the action potential down an axon

Question 19

myelin

Answer 19

CNS- ologodendrocytes

PNS- shwann cells

Question 20

frequency of action potentials

Answer 20

how neurons communicat messages

strong action potential means more frequent

Question 21

synapse

Answer 21

not a direct physical connection

Question 22

vesicles

Answer 22

small intracellular containers that as AP teaches the terminals in fuses with the membran of ppresynaptic neuron releasing the contents (neurotrasmitters)

Question 23

synaptic cleft

Answer 23

space between two neurons

Question 24

receptors

Answer 24

along membrane of post synaptic neuron to take in neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neuron

Question 25

EPSP

Answer 25

increases charge, bringing it closer to action potential

Question 26

temporal summation

Answer 26

slow climb, one EPSP after another

Question 27

spatial summation

Answer 27

multiple EPSP at once

Question 28

IPSP

Answer 28

bring farther away fromthreshold

Question 29

4 stages of neural development

Answer 29

1) neurogenesis
2) migration
3) differentiation
4) maturation

Question 30

neurogenesis

Answer 30

18 days: outerlayer at back of embreoy form plate

21 days: edges of plate begin to curve upwards and fuse together

28 days: neural tube full formed between brain and soinal cord

week 20: mass of cell begins to look like a brain

Question 31

migration

Answer 31

cells migrate from inside to outside, do this immediatley till 6 weeks after last neuron was born

Question 32

differentiation

Answer 32

determined by genetics and experience

Question 33

maturation

Answer 33

neurons compete for connections, those that dont make connections are pruned away,
have most connections at age 1

Question 34

naive realism

Answer 34

belief that we se reality as it truly is

Question 35

matrix problem

Answer 35

are we brians in a jar beig stimulated to experience these things?

Question 36

sensory neurons

Answer 36

transmit sensory information from enviroment to nervous system

Question 37

effector neurons

Answer 37

are capable of recieving and responding to nerve impulses (muscle neurons)

Question 38

interneurons

Answer 38

transmit impulses betwenen neuron

Question 39

glial cells

Answer 39

provide structural support