Development

Question 1

development

Answer 1

gene enviroment interactions across an individuals lifespan

Question 2

evolution

Answer 2

gene-environment interactions across the evolutionary history of a species

Question 3

neuroscience

Answer 3

study of the nervous system

Question 4

learning

Answer 4

relatively permanent changes in our thoughts/behaviour/ feelings as a result of our experiences. The acquisition of neuronal representations of new information

Question 5

Maturation

Answer 5

the biologically timed unfolding of change within an individual according to that persons individual genetic plan

Question 6

learning

Answer 6

through learning processes, you can make once controlled processes automatic

Question 7

interactionist perspective

Answer 7

maturation and learning interact during development.
learning > maturation
learning < maturation

Question 8

habituation

Answer 8

will show a burst of activity, once habituated will decrease responsiveness

Question 9

dishabituated

Answer 9

increase in responsiveness

Question 10

event-related potential (ERP)

Answer 10

cap with electrodes placed on the scalp that detects changes in neuron electrical activity

Question 11

high amplitude sucking methos

Answer 11

rate of sucking indicate preference
basline sucking: no interest
fast sucking: interest / preference for stimulus

Question 12

preference method

Answer 12

put in looking chamber see where atttention is drawn

infants prefer big patterns with lots of black and white contrast, and human faces

Question 13

competance performance distinction

Answer 13

jsut because individual may not be able to do task may not mean they lack the cognitive ability may just not be able to perform the activity for that activity

Question 14

longitudinal design

Answer 14

repeatedly measure one individual at multiple ages
canauncover links between earl and alter life
expensive and time consuming

Question 15

quasi experiment

Answer 15

subjects grouped based upon existing levels of variable (age, gender)

Question 16

cross sectional design

Answer 16

compare individuals at one time from different age groups

faster and cheaper

Question 17

monozygotic twins

Answer 17

100% gentically alike

Question 18

dizygotic twins

Answer 18

share about 50% of genetics

Question 19

zygote

Answer 19

single cell with 46 chromosomes

Question 20

chromosome

Answer 20

thread like structure of DNA, provides chemical coding for development

Question 21

who determines sex of baby?

Answer 21

father

Question 22

genotype

Answer 22

an individuals inherited genes

Question 23

phenotype

Answer 23

expression of the individuals genoytype in observable traits

Question 24

dominant- recessive inheritance

Answer 24

• homozygous (XX)
• heterozygous (Xy)
• dominant allelle expressed in phenotype, recessive still inheritable

Question 25

polygenic inheritance

Answer 25

expression of trait is determined by the interaction of multiple genes

Question 26

co-dominance inheritance

Answer 26

when 2 dominant allelles equally are expressed to produce comproise phenotype

Question 27

sex-linked inheritance

Answer 27

genes expressed on X chromosome, sex linked recessive gene disorders are less common in females

Question 28

behaviourist view

Answer 28

- nurture | - external factors alone influence development

Question 29

genetic view

Answer 29

- nature | - development inherited all from genes

Question 30

nature vs nurture

Answer 30

most people believe they work together

Question 31

canalization principle

Answer 31

dictates that all individuals are restricted to a similar phenotype dispite variations in their enviroment

Question 32

range of reactions principle

Answer 32

how our genotype limits us to a range of possible phenotypes and how the enviroment guides our phenotype within that range

Question 33

Passive correlations

Answer 33

this enviroment cjoice will likely reflect your genes (reflect how parents raised you)

Question 34

Evocative Correlations

Answer 34

traits you have inhertited affect how other react to and behave towards us

Question 35

Active Correlations

Answer 35

this enviroment change will reflect your genes (natural athletic ability > try out for hockey team)

Question 36

twin studies

Answer 36

allow us to look at the relative contribution of genes and the enviroment

Question 37

Critical period / Sensitive period

Answer 37

- now sensitive period | - a specific time window that certain experiences are required for normal development

Question 38

critical period for vision

Answer 38

4-6 weeks of age

Question 39

implications of critical period

Answer 39

- likely to impact parental decisions - likely to impact decision to adopt - affects public policy on child intervention

Question 40

problems with critical periods

Answer 40

-extreme cases not necessarily comparable

Question 41

brain circuitry

Answer 41

brain remains malleable thoughtout lifespan

Question 42

experience expected brain growth

Answer 42

ordinary levels of visuals, auditory, and social imput ensure that brain properly develops

Question 43

experience dependent brain growth

Answer 43

our brains develops according ti our own personal experiences

Question 44

piaget

Answer 44

- suggest specific stages each with specific characeristics - children have better grasp on reality than he thought - but he still made major contribution

Question 45

fluid intelligence

Answer 45

the speed of our intellectual processing decreases with age

Question 46

crystallized intelligence

Answer 46

our accumulated knowledge can inrease with age

Question 47

marmellow experiment

Answer 47

high restraint children have shown to later in life have better performance across a variety of measures

Question 48

John B Watson

Answer 48

said enviroment input was the most importatnt part of development

Question 49

synaptic pruning

Answer 49

many more synaptic nerves in infant than adult

Question 50

Mozart affect lasts ____

Answer 50

~15 minutes

Question 51

babbling principle

Answer 51

all infants babble same speech sounds | canalization principle

Question 52

cross-sequential design

Answer 52

a research design that combines cross-sectional and longitudinal studies