Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

adaptation

A

biological traits that help an individual to survive and reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

human eye

A

allows you to recognize and respond to the things around young

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

raccoons

A

primarily nocturnal and have good night vision and their front paws are very sensitive to help them detect food vs nonfood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

bats

A

can navigate at night with echolocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

adaptive functions

A

refers to mental activity, movement control, attraction to certain stimuli, language, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 components of natural selection

A

individual differences
differential reproduction
heritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Natural Selection

A
  • differential survival and reproduction of organisms as a result of the heritable differences between them
  • Darwin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_____ traits are passed down to offspring

A

favourable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

stabilizing selection

A

selection against any sort of trait that is dissimilar from species typical adaptive design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

darwins finches

A

rapid evolutionary change, natural selection over a generation causes change in beak size to adapt to food availability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fitness

A

one’s ability to reproduce and leave copies of their genes in subsequent generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sexual selection

A

type of natural selection that selects for traits that will increase likelihood of reproducing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

peacock

A
  • female choice
  • males have tail
  • females use judge and select a mate
  • energy expensive to produce
  • increases risk of dying
  • females discriminate between males based on their tail symmetry and number of eye spots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

deer

A
  • success in combat

- males use antlers to fight, winner of fight mates with a harem of females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

signs of sexually selected traits

A
  • differs between sexes

- specific to breeding season

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mate choice preferences

A

females are attracted to males whose traits convey that their offspring will be strong and healthy

17
Q

species specific behaviour

A
  • physical form
  • habits
  • group size
  • social systems
18
Q

selectively breeding animals

A

keep animals in captivity to breed them and pass on specific behaviours

19
Q

honey bees

A
  • don’t have reproductive organs
  • die defending colony
  • only queen bee reproduces
20
Q

ground squirrels

A
  • individuals often warn others of predators by drawing attention to themselves
21
Q

selfish gene

A

natural selection will favour gene complexes that best serve their own interest

22
Q

4 types of social behaviour

A
  • cooperation (+’ve actor, +’ve recipient)
  • alturism (-‘ve actor, +’ve recipient)
  • selfish(+’ve actor, -‘ve recipient)
  • spite (-‘ ve actor, -‘ve recipient)
23
Q

alturism

A

practice of helping others to survive and reproduce at a cost of yourself

24
Q

lemmings

A

altruistic, commit suicide when group too large

25
direct fitness
individual genetic contribution from personal reproduction
26
indirect fitness
individuals genetic contribution through the reproduction of close genetic relatives
27
inclusive fitness
direct + indirect fitness
28
Hamilton's rule
rB>C
29
parent
0.5
30
sibling
0.5
31
0.5 sibling
0.25
32
aunt / uncle
0.25
33
cousin
0.125
34
abuse
genetic relatives are less likely to be victims
35
alarm calls
- female belding ground squirrels | - altruistic warning
36
direct reciprocity
help each other | both benefit
37
indirect reciprocity
individuals who help others who have helped others
38
phenotypic matching
an evaluation of the relatedness between individuals based on an assessment of their phenotypic similarities