psychodynamics Flashcards
oral phase
birth-1.5 years. sucking, dependent. this is paradise phase.
what are the adult oral phases?
enjoy food, chewing gum, smoking, drinking. passive dependent people.
anal phase
1.5-3 years. crawling and exploring. paradise lost. NO! potty training begins. terrible twos -affirming the individual.
adult anal traits.
neat, on time, correct organized, careful with money, controlled.
fixation
extra investment of libido in one phase.
libido
this is the life force, motivation, includes sexually and aggressiveness.
regression
reversion to an earlier stage under stress.
phallic phase
3-5/6 years. oedipal complex in boys and electra complex in girls. curiosity about the sexual differences. they become close to the parent of the opposite sex.
latency phase
6-adolescent. girl scouts and boy scouts. do not like the opposite sex and prefer to be with same sex relationships.
genital phase
adolescent to adult. capacity for true intimacy develops.
structural model of the mind.
id, ego, and superego.
id
from birth. this is the child. processes fun and gratification. this is what tells you: I want it now. functions off of the pleasure center and principle. selfish. although it also make slide worth living.
superego
parent! from age 5 and on. conscience, rules, morals and values. this develops from input from parents, teachers, and religious authority. also from political authority, societal norms, and the legal system. we hear it as thou shalt. this is borrowed from organizations…
what does guilt dissolve in?
alcohol.
ego
this is the adult. the growing and evolving “I”. its purpose is deal with the internal and external reality. it summates the superego and the id with the reality (consequences) to formulate a personality.
what happens when the ego is under stress
it literally says: I can’t deal with this > this forms anxiety and then an ego defense mechanism results. this is to decrease distress and make reality better.
delusional projections
delusions about the external reality usually of a persecutory type. perceptions of feelings in another person and then acting on them. or perceptions of other people or others feeling literally inside of you.
what do projections lead to?
they lead to paranoia.
psychotic denial
this is denial of the external reality.
distortion
grossly reshaping the external reality to suit inner needs. megalomaniacal beliefs, hallucinations, wish-fulfilling delusions of delusional superiority or entitlement. and denial of personal responsibility for behavior.
immature mechanisms
common 3-15. seen in personality disorders. this copes with interpersonal intimacy or loss. this is acting out, blocking, introjection, passive aggressive, etc.
projection
attributing ones own unacknowledged feelings to others. includes severe prejudice, rejections of intimacy through unwarranted suspicion, hyper vigilance to external, injustice collecting.
what does projection lead to?
paranoid personality
somatization
turning an unacceptable impulse or feeling into complaints of pain or somatic illness. permits individual to belabor others with their pain in lieu of making direct demands upon them.
what does somatization lead to?
hypochondriasis or psychosomatic
acting out
direct expression of an unconscious wish or impulse in order to avoid being conscious of the affect that accompanies it. this is delinquent or impulsive act to avoid being aware of ones feelings such as anger or sadness.
what does acting out lead to?
anitsocial personality disorder.
splitting
seeing people as all good or all bad. will quickly switch between positions
what does splitting lead to?
borderline personality disorder
neurotic defenses
common in 3-90. they alter private feelings or instinctual expression.
denial
unable to accept intolerable facts about reality. this is the most common defense in medical practice. accompanies the 50% noncompliance.
displacement
redirection of feelings to a relatively less cared for then the person or situation arousing the feelings. kicking a chair.
what does displacement cause?
prejudice, phobia, hysterical conversion rxn.
dissociation
temporary or drastic modification of ones personality to avoid emotional distress.
where do we see dissociation
acute reactions to trauma. and multiple personality disorder
identification
unconscious patterning of ones behavior after a powerful or influential person.
what is stockholm syndrome
when a victim begins acting like the aggressor.
intellectualization
thinking about instinctual wishes in formal bland terms and not acting on them. the idea is in the conscious but the feeling is missing. usually occurs as a cluster. this includes isolation. rationalization, ritual, un-doing, restitution, magical thinking, busywork
what does intellectualization do
can lead to OCD
isolation
intellectual knowledge and understanding of a negative event without experiencing feelings.
rationalization
providing superficially reasonable accounts to explain away negative events, feelings, actions. q
reaction formation
behavior in a fashion that diametrically opposes an unacceptable instinctual impulse. overtly caring for someone else when one wishes to be cared for themselves. loving someone or something that someone really hates.
regession
appearance of childlike behavior during periods of stress. this is seen in medical crises or when a sibling is born.
undoing
protecting against a negative past event by acceptable corrective behavior. formal atonement or confession. superstitious rituals.
mature mechanism
common in healthy people 12-90 they integrate reality interpersonal relationships and private feelings. they appear as convenient virtues.
altruism
vicarious and constructive instinctually gratifying service to others. benign constructive reaction formation, philanthropy, well-repaid service to others.
sublimation
indirect or attenuated expression of instincts without adverse consequences or marked loss of pleasure.
what does sublimation include
expression of aggression through sports, hobbies and games. romantic attenuation through real courtship. instincts are channeled rather than dammed or diverted. successful artistic expression is the main outlet.
anticipation
realistic anticipation of or planning for future discomfort. goal-directed but overly careful planning or worrying. premature but realistic affective anticipation of death or surgery or separation
suppression
conscious or semiconscious decision to postpone paying attention to a conscious impulse or conflict.
what does suppression look like
stiff upper lip, silver lining, minimizing acknowledged discomfort. this is deliberately postponing but not avoiding. eventually this gets done.
humor
overt expression of ideas and feelings without individual discomfort or immobilization and without unpleasant effect to others. some games and playful regression.
what does humor do for us?
allows us to bear to others what cannot be borne under normal circumstances.
transference
unconscious transfer and replay of relationship with influential figures from the past.
positive transference
unrealistic expectations.
negative transference
mistrust, missed appointments, non adherence and poor outcomes.
countertransference
MD’s transference to the patient. can be positive or negative.
