psychodynamic approach 1900s

Question 1

who created the psychodynamic approach

Answer 1

freud

Question 2

what is the psyche made up of

Answer 2

id, ego and superego

Question 3

what causes adult personalities and problems

Answer 3

childhood experiences, unresolved unconscious conflict and imbalanced psyche

Question 4

what is the personality trait of the id

Answer 4

selfish, pleasure-seeking, unconscious

Question 5

what is the personality trait of the ego

Answer 5

rational, conscious

Question 6

what is the personality trait of the superago

Answer 6

moral, social unconscious

Question 7

an id dominate individual

Answer 7

self-destructive, anti-social, immoral during childhood, psychopathic in adulthood

Question 8

a superego dominate individual

Answer 8

places severe social constraints on themselves, leading to excess guilt and anxiety. they are viewed as rigid and & self-righteous

Question 9

what are the 3 psychosexual development stages?

Answer 9

oral stage 0-1 yrs
anal stage 1-3 yrs
phallic stage 3-6 yrs

Question 10

what is latency

Answer 10

earlier conflicts that are repressed

Question 11

what is the genital stage

Answer 11

sexual desires become conscious alongside the onset of puberty

Question 12

consequence of unresolved conflict in genital stage

Answer 12

difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

Question 13

consequence of oral

Answer 13

oral fixation - smoking, biting nails, sarcastic, critical

Question 14

consequence of anal

Answer 14

anal retentive - perfectionist, obsessive

anal expulsive - thoughtless, messy

Question 15

consequence on phallic

Answer 15

phallic personality - narcissistic, reckless, possibly homosexual

Question 16

what is the ego defence mechanism

Answer 16

reduces anxiety and protects the ego - unconscious at the time being used

Question 17

what is denial

Answer 17

refusal to accept reality

Question 18

what is repression

Answer 18

burying the problem into our unconsciousness

Question 19

what is displacement

Answer 19

our problems get channelled onto something else

Question 20

real word application

Answer 20

strength
introduced idea of psychotherapy
psychoanalysis
first attempt to treat mental disorders psychologically rather than physically
help modern therapies

Question 21

real world application counterpoint

Answer 21

psychanalysis regarded as inappropriate and possibly harmful for some more serious mental disorders
eg schizophrenia - paranoia and delusional thinking causing them to lose a grip of reality

Question 22

untestable concepts

Answer 22

limitation
untestable
does not meet scientific criterion of falsification as it is not open to empirical testing
occur at an unconscious level
based on a subjective study of little hans

Question 23

freud - little hans - method

Answer 23

study of a child called Hans who had a phobia of horses, was observed by his father who made notes of Hans’s dreams and what he said

Question 24

freud - results

Answer 24

Hans was afraid of horses because he thought they might bite him or fall on him - during the study he developed an interest in his penis - his mum had told him not to play with it or she would cut it oof
Hans told his dad about a dream where he was married to his mum and his dad was now his grandfather

Question 25

freud - conclusion

Answer 25

interpreted that hans reached the phallic stage
his fear of horses is an example of displacement - a defence mechanism that protect him from his real fear of his father
Hans suffered from castration anxiety - this was symbolised by Hans’s fear that the horse would bite him

Question 26

freud - evaluation

Answer 26

case study - lots of detailed data about one subject however it cannot be generalised
results were based entirely on observation and interpretation - cause and effect relationship cannot be established
before the study, Hans had been frightened by a horse falling down in the street which would explain his fear of them
Freud analysed the information so the results could be biased