psychodynamic approach 1900s Flashcards
who created the psychodynamic approach
freud
what is the psyche made up of
id, ego and superego
what causes adult personalities and problems
childhood experiences, unresolved unconscious conflict and imbalanced psyche
what is the personality trait of the id
selfish, pleasure-seeking, unconscious
what is the personality trait of the ego
rational, conscious
what is the personality trait of the superago
moral, social unconscious
an id dominate individual
self-destructive, anti-social, immoral during childhood, psychopathic in adulthood
a superego dominate individual
places severe social constraints on themselves, leading to excess guilt and anxiety. they are viewed as rigid and & self-righteous
what are the 3 psychosexual development stages?
oral stage 0-1 yrs
anal stage 1-3 yrs
phallic stage 3-6 yrs
what is latency
earlier conflicts that are repressed
what is the genital stage
sexual desires become conscious alongside the onset of puberty
consequence of unresolved conflict in genital stage
difficulty forming heterosexual relationships
consequence of oral
oral fixation - smoking, biting nails, sarcastic, critical
consequence of anal
anal retentive - perfectionist, obsessive
anal expulsive - thoughtless, messy
consequence on phallic
phallic personality - narcissistic, reckless, possibly homosexual
what is the ego defence mechanism
reduces anxiety and protects the ego - unconscious at the time being used
what is denial
refusal to accept reality
what is repression
burying the problem into our unconsciousness
what is displacement
our problems get channelled onto something else
real word application
strength introduced idea of psychotherapy psychoanalysis first attempt to treat mental disorders psychologically rather than physically help modern therapies
real world application counterpoint
psychanalysis regarded as inappropriate and possibly harmful for some more serious mental disorders
eg schizophrenia - paranoia and delusional thinking causing them to lose a grip of reality
untestable concepts
limitation
untestable
does not meet scientific criterion of falsification as it is not open to empirical testing
occur at an unconscious level
based on a subjective study of little hans
freud - little hans - method
study of a child called Hans who had a phobia of horses, was observed by his father who made notes of Hans’s dreams and what he said
freud - results
Hans was afraid of horses because he thought they might bite him or fall on him - during the study he developed an interest in his penis - his mum had told him not to play with it or she would cut it oof
Hans told his dad about a dream where he was married to his mum and his dad was now his grandfather
freud - conclusion
interpreted that hans reached the phallic stage
his fear of horses is an example of displacement - a defence mechanism that protect him from his real fear of his father
Hans suffered from castration anxiety - this was symbolised by Hans’s fear that the horse would bite him
freud - evaluation
case study - lots of detailed data about one subject however it cannot be generalised
results were based entirely on observation and interpretation - cause and effect relationship cannot be established
before the study, Hans had been frightened by a horse falling down in the street which would explain his fear of them
Freud analysed the information so the results could be biased
