Psychiatry - disorders Flashcards
what is a dissociative disorder
Dissociative symptoms can potentially disrupt every area of mental functioning. - Examples of dissociative symptoms include the experience of detachment or feeling as if one is outside one’s body,
- loss of memory or amnesia
- Dissociative disorders are frequently associated with previous experience of trauma.
- a way of avoiding what’s going on in life
What’s a somatisation disorder
Somatic symptom disorder is diagnosed when a person has a significant focus on physical symptoms:
- pain, weakness or shortness of breath, to a level that results in major distress and/or problems functioning.
- The individual has excessive thoughts, feelings and behaviors relating to the physical symptoms
what is a hypochondrial disorder
- pre occupation and belief that there symptoms cause distress
( believe they have something wrong with them , heightened health anxiety )
Respond well to CBT and SSRI’s
what is a pain disorder ?
no pain contrived but is amplified beyond expectations due to :
Disability of Ds
- disability , disuse, drug misuse , doctor shopping etc dependency
25%=anxiety
abdominal pain increases
heightened pain sensitivity and reduced pain threshold
Manage :
- treat comorbidities
- anti depressants
- AVOID OPIATES
what is a conversion disorder ? ( dissociative )
No evidence of a physical disorder that explain the symptoms
Disconnect from yourself and the world around you
Ie: man suddenly becomes mute during stressful times
- amnesia
- trance
- motor disorders
- Ganser syndrome ( prison psychosis = a way fo getting out of a criminal sentence , due to being mentally unwell )
- Multiple personality disorder
what’s a psychogenic non-epileptic seizure ?
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Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures are episodes of movement, sensation, or behaviors that are similar to epileptic seizures but do not have a neurologic origin;
- due to significant severe life events
- rather, they are somatic manifestations of psychologic distress.
- Eyes are closed and resistance to opening
-duration is more Than 2 minutes
-Asynchronous limb movements
-rapid reorientation
-post ictal whispering
(tongue biting and incontenance can occur in both Epileptic and PNES )
Treatment :
- physiotherapy ( regain motor funtion)
- therapy
Whats neurathasthenia ?
an ill-defined medical condition characterized by lassitude, fatigue, headache, and irritability, associated chiefly with emotional disturbance.
1) irritability + muscle aches , inability to recover by normal periods of rest
duration is above 6 months
- No underlying physical illness
- It’s a psychiatric diagnoses
Whats a functional somatic syndrome ?
Functional somatic syndromes are characterized by ambiguous, non-specific symptoms that appear in otherwise-healthy people
Whats Factious disorder ?
Factitious disorder is a serious mental disorder in which someone deceives others by
appearing sick, by purposely getting sick or by self-injury
- Malingering
whats Wernickes - Korsakoff syndrome
COAT RACK
+ treatment
C-confusion
O-Opthalmoplegia
A-Ataxia
T- Thiamine deficiency
R-Retrograde amnesia
A-Anterograde amnesia
C-Confabulation
K-Korsakoff’s syndrome
high dose IV Thiamine
Abistinence from alcohol
thiamine has poor bioavailibitly so give PRABRINEX IV
What is delirium ?
Acute confusional state
- may be mistaken for dementia
(abrupt onset )
Delirium is a serious disturbance in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and reduced awareness of the environment. The start of delirium is usually rapid — within hours or a few days
What’s are reversible causes of dementia ?
Reversible causes :
- systemic Illness
- B12&Folate
- Hypothyroidism
- Wilson’s disease
- HIV
- Syphilis serology
What is Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ?
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febrile seizure or Brain Injury
- aura , deja-vu, stomach upset, fear or panic , strange smell
- Medial or internal structures of the temporal lobe (80%)
- Neocortical or lateral temporal lobe epilepsy involves outer part of temporal lobe
Treatments = temporal lobe ectomy
What is Post-Ictal Psychosis
- long hours drug resistant seizure
- Violence ( towards others )
-lucid interval
Postictal psychosis (PIP), an episode of psychosis occurring after a cluster of seizures, is common and may be associated with: - profound morbidity, including chronic psychosis.
- Symptoms are often pleomorphic, involving:
- range of psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations and disorders of thought.
treatment ( benzodiazepine + anti psychotics )
what’s psychosis
a severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality
- visual hallucinations
-presence of someone in the room
treat with anti- psychotics
