Psychiatry 2 Flashcards
what is cyclothymia
normal mood swings
what is recurrent depressive disorder
persists for some time but can return to normal
what is unipolar
patient usually moves down to low mood
what is bipolar
patient moves up and down spectrum
what is psychotic
at either end of the mood spectrum
name some depressive mood disorders
major dopamine disorder
persistent depressive disorder
bipolar depression
postpartum depression
what are the common symptoms of depression
low mood
reduced interest and motivation
lethargy and tiredness
sleep disturbance
appetite disturbance
poor concentration
loss of confidence and self esteem
what are the 2 types of bipolar
1 - mania
2 - cyclothymia/hypomania
what are the symptoms of mania and hypomania
increased productivity and feeling of wellbeing
reduced need for sleep
gradual reduction in social and occupational functioning
increase in reckless behaviour
period of depression
what symptoms occur in both euphoric and dysphoric mood disorders
rapid speech
restlessness
reckless behaviour
excessive energy
decreased sleep
how do you treat mood disorders
cognitive therapy
interpersonal psychotherapies
antidepressants and mood stabilising drugs
exercise
phototherapy
ECT
what type of acute phase antidepressants are used in mood disorders
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
venlafaxine/mirtazapine
tricyclic antidepressants
monoamine oxidase inhibitor
what mood stabilising drugs are used in mood disorders
lithium
carbamazepine
sodium valproate
lamotrigine
what are the uses for antidepressants
treating depression and anxiety disorders
pain relief
help psychological treatments
name a tricyclic antidepressant
amitriptyline
what are the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants
dry mouth, sedation, weight gain
name 3 SSRIs
fluoxetine
citalopram
sertraline
what are the side effects of SSRIs
acute anxiety disorders
sedation, dry mouth
GI upset
name a MAOI
phenelzine
what are the key interactions of MAOIs
enhanced vasoconstrictor effect
cold and cough remedies
what drugs are antipsychotics and treat episodes of mania
olanzapine
risperidone
quetiapine
what are the direct antidepressant drug effects which affect the oral cavity
dry mouth - caries
sedation
facial dyskinesias
what are the drug interactions with antidepressants that can affect dentistry
drug metabolism
local anaesthetics
what are the perceptual abnormality disorders with psychoses
manic depression
schizophrenia
Korsakoff’s psychosis - alcohol induced brain degredation
what are the perceptual abnormality disorders with psychoses
manic depression
schizophrenia
Korsakoff’s psychosis - alcohol induced brain degradation
what are the drug effects of psychoses dugs
dry mouth
drug interactions
dyskinesias
what is schizophrenia
multifactorial abnormality of dopaminergic neurotransmission causing fundamental and characteristic distortions of thinking and perception
what is used to manage schizophrenia
CBT
cognitive remediation
family intervention
oral or depot IM injection
dopamine antagonist drugs
atypical antipsychotics
what kind of drugs cause extrapyramidal side effects
dopamine antagonist drugs
what antipsychotics are there
butyrophenones
phenothiazines
thioxanthenes
new atypical antipsychotics
name 3 atypical antipsychotics
clozapine
quetiapine
olanzapine
what are the extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotics
akathisia
dystonia
parkinsonism
tardive dyskinesia
why do extrapyramidal effects happen
due to excess dopamine
how do you treat extrapyramidal effects
use atypical antipsychotic instead
beta-adrenergic blockers
anticholinergics
what is the oral effect of anorexia nervosa
ulcers, dry mouth, infection, bleeding
what are the oral effects of bulimia
dental erosion and oesophageal stricture
what symptoms does borderline personality disorder have
deep fear
unstable relationships
changes in self image
stress paranoia
impulsive behaviour
suicidal threats
excessive mood swings
feelings of solitude
