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Diseases of Human Systems BDS3 > Dermatology 1 > Flashcards

Dermatology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the skin

A

provide anatomical barrier
main method of heat regulation
sensory input from body
storage for lipids and water
drug absorption and waste excretion

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2
Q

what is commensal flora made of

A

bacteria and fungi

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3
Q

what are comedones

A

blackheads

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4
Q

what are the constituents of comedones

A

keratin and sebum

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5
Q

name 4 bacterial infections of the skin

A

furuncles and carbuncles
acne
erysipelas
impetigo

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6
Q

what do furuncles look like

A

pockets filled with pus

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7
Q

what is a caruncle

A

a group of furuncles

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8
Q

what organism causes furuncles

A

staph aureus

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9
Q

what do furuncles present like

A

red, painful and swollen

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10
Q

what is the treatment for furuncles

A

drain pus

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11
Q

what are the types of lesions involved in acne

A

comedones
papules
pustules
nodules
inflammatory cysts

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12
Q

what are the causes of acne

A

follicular sensitivity to testosterone
propionibacterium acnes overgrows and leads to infection and cysts

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13
Q

what is acne made worse by

A

contraceptive pills
greasy skin cleaners
systemic steroid treatment
anticonvulsant drugs
squeezing

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14
Q

what is used for local management of acne

A

reduce excess oil through cleansers
antibacterial agents like benzoyl peroxide, retinoids and antibiotic lotions

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15
Q

what is used for systemic management of acne

A

antibiotics
retinoids
hormone manipulation

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15
Q

what is used for systemic management of acne

A

antibiotics
retinoids
hormone manipulation

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16
Q

what bacteria causes erysipelas

A

streptococcus pyogenes

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17
Q

what does erysipelas look like

A

defined sharp raised border
can blister and peel
systemic symptoms like fever and rigors

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18
Q

how do you manage erysipelas

A

systemic antibiotics - oral or IV

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19
Q

what can erysipelas progress to

A

necrotising fasciitis
septic shock

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20
Q

what causes impetigo

A

staphylococcal or streptococcal organisms

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21
Q

what does impetigo look like

A

crusty red blister appearance

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22
Q

what is impetigo associated with

A

eczema

23
Q

what is impetigo treated with

A

topical antibiotics

24
Q

name 4 viral skin infections

A

herpes simplex
shingles
molluscum contagiosum
warts

25
Q

what are the 4 types of herpes virus infections

A

herpes simplex
shingles - herpes zoster
roseola
kaposi sarcoma

26
Q

what does herpes simplex affect

A

single dermatome or adjacent dermatomes

27
Q

what is herpes simplex activated by

A

trauma - physical/chemical/UV/run down

28
Q

what do you treat herpes simplex with

A

aciclovir

29
Q

what does herpes zoster affect

A

single dermatome

30
Q

what does herpes zoster present like

A

significant pain due to neural inflammation from virus in nerve
rash

31
Q

how do you treat herpes zoster

A

high dose aciclovir

32
Q

what is molluscum contagiosum caused by

A

mcv - pox virus

33
Q

what does molluscum contagiosum appear as

A

clusters of small papules

34
Q

who gets molluscum contagiosum

A

children
children with atopic eczema

35
Q

what are warts caused by

A

HPV

36
Q

how do you get warts

A

contact spread

37
Q

how do you treat warts

A

keratolysis
cryosurgery
excision

38
Q

name 5 fungal infections

A

athletes foot
nail infections
ringworm
intertrigo
pityriasis versicolor

39
Q

what does athletes foot look like

A

scaling and sogginess of skin

40
Q

how do you prevent athletes foot

A

keeping skin clean, dry and damage free

41
Q

how do you treat athletes foot

A

antifungal/antibacterial cream - miconazole

42
Q

what is onycholysis

A

nail bed fungal infection

43
Q

what does onycholysis look like

A

malformed, thick and crumbly nail

44
Q

what parts of the body are affected by ringworm

A

groin
body
scalp

45
Q

what is intertrigo

A

fungal infection due to chafing in moist body folds

46
Q

how do you treat intertrigo

A

topical antifungal cream - clotrimazole or miconazole

47
Q

what does pityriasis versicolor look like

A

patchy skin pigmentation

48
Q

how do you treat pityriasis versicolor

A

topical or systemic antifungal - topical ketoconazole
systemic itraconazole

49
Q

what are the 2 types of skin infestation

A

scabies
lice

50
Q

what is scabies

A

infection with scabies mite

51
Q

how is scabies transferred

A

contact with infected individual

52
Q

what does scabies present as

A

burrows on skin
itch
rash

53
Q

how do you treat scabies

A

chemical insecticides applied to whole body from chin down including under nails

54
Q

what are the 3 types of lice

A

head
pubic
body

55
Q

how are lice transmitted

A

close contact with an infected individual/shared items

56
Q

how do you treat lice

A

personal hygiene
chemical insecticides

Diseases of Human Systems BDS3 (16 decks)

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