Dermatology 1 Flashcards
what are the functions of the skin
provide anatomical barrier
main method of heat regulation
sensory input from body
storage for lipids and water
drug absorption and waste excretion
what is commensal flora made of
bacteria and fungi
what are comedones
blackheads
what are the constituents of comedones
keratin and sebum
name 4 bacterial infections of the skin
furuncles and carbuncles
acne
erysipelas
impetigo
what do furuncles look like
pockets filled with pus
what is a caruncle
a group of furuncles
what organism causes furuncles
staph aureus
what do furuncles present like
red, painful and swollen
what is the treatment for furuncles
drain pus
what are the types of lesions involved in acne
comedones
papules
pustules
nodules
inflammatory cysts
what are the causes of acne
follicular sensitivity to testosterone
propionibacterium acnes overgrows and leads to infection and cysts
what is acne made worse by
contraceptive pills
greasy skin cleaners
systemic steroid treatment
anticonvulsant drugs
squeezing
what is used for local management of acne
reduce excess oil through cleansers
antibacterial agents like benzoyl peroxide, retinoids and antibiotic lotions
what is used for systemic management of acne
antibiotics
retinoids
hormone manipulation
what is used for systemic management of acne
antibiotics
retinoids
hormone manipulation
what bacteria causes erysipelas
streptococcus pyogenes
what does erysipelas look like
defined sharp raised border
can blister and peel
systemic symptoms like fever and rigors
how do you manage erysipelas
systemic antibiotics - oral or IV
what can erysipelas progress to
necrotising fasciitis
septic shock
what causes impetigo
staphylococcal or streptococcal organisms
what does impetigo look like
crusty red blister appearance
what is impetigo associated with
eczema
what is impetigo treated with
topical antibiotics
name 4 viral skin infections
herpes simplex
shingles
molluscum contagiosum
warts
what are the 4 types of herpes virus infections
herpes simplex
shingles - herpes zoster
roseola
kaposi sarcoma
what does herpes simplex affect
single dermatome or adjacent dermatomes
what is herpes simplex activated by
trauma - physical/chemical/UV/run down
what do you treat herpes simplex with
aciclovir
what does herpes zoster affect
single dermatome
what does herpes zoster present like
significant pain due to neural inflammation from virus in nerve
rash
how do you treat herpes zoster
high dose aciclovir
what is molluscum contagiosum caused by
mcv - pox virus
what does molluscum contagiosum appear as
clusters of small papules
who gets molluscum contagiosum
children
children with atopic eczema
what are warts caused by
HPV
how do you get warts
contact spread
how do you treat warts
keratolysis
cryosurgery
excision
name 5 fungal infections
athletes foot
nail infections
ringworm
intertrigo
pityriasis versicolor
what does athletes foot look like
scaling and sogginess of skin
how do you prevent athletes foot
keeping skin clean, dry and damage free
how do you treat athletes foot
antifungal/antibacterial cream - miconazole
what is onycholysis
nail bed fungal infection
what does onycholysis look like
malformed, thick and crumbly nail
what parts of the body are affected by ringworm
groin
body
scalp
what is intertrigo
fungal infection due to chafing in moist body folds
how do you treat intertrigo
topical antifungal cream - clotrimazole or miconazole
what does pityriasis versicolor look like
patchy skin pigmentation
how do you treat pityriasis versicolor
topical or systemic antifungal - topical ketoconazole
systemic itraconazole
what are the 2 types of skin infestation
scabies
lice
what is scabies
infection with scabies mite
how is scabies transferred
contact with infected individual
what does scabies present as
burrows on skin
itch
rash
how do you treat scabies
chemical insecticides applied to whole body from chin down including under nails
what are the 3 types of lice
head
pubic
body
how are lice transmitted
close contact with an infected individual/shared items
how do you treat lice
personal hygiene
chemical insecticides
