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Diseases of Human Systems BDS3 > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

what are 4 common eye diseases

A

cataracts
glaucoma
ARMD
diabetes

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2
Q

what are the different types of cataracts

A

age related
congenital
toxic/drug related
traumatic
systemic disease

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3
Q

what are the treatment options for cataracts

A

nothing
surgery for intraocular lens implant

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4
Q

what is glaucoma

A

raised intra ocular pressure

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5
Q

what are mild attacks of glaucoma

A

pain in eyes and haloes around lights

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6
Q

how do you relieve a mild attack of glaucoma

A

sleeping

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7
Q

what is a full blown glaucoma attack

A

rapid deterioration of vision
intense eye pain
redness and watering of eye
sensitive to bright light
haloes around lights
nausea and vomiting

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8
Q

how do you treat glaucoma

A

reduce production of fluid through beta blocker eye drops
increase drainage of fluid through laser and surgery

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9
Q

what is age related macular degeneration (ARMD)

A

build up of cellular waste under the retina

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10
Q

what does ARMD affect

A

only central vision

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11
Q

what are the types of ARMD

A

drusen type
atrophy (dry)
neovascularisation (wet)

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12
Q

what is dry ARMD

A

slow atrophy of photoreceptors at macula

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13
Q

what is the treatment for ARMD

A

no treatment

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14
Q

what is wet ARMD

A

dry ARMD and leakage of blood and fluid at macula
rapidly progressive

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15
Q

what is the treatment for ARMD

A

laser treatment sometimes
usually none
dietary vitamin/antioxidant
intravitreal injections

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16
Q

what are the types of diabetic eye disease

A

cataract
glycaemic vessel damage
leakage, microanneurysms, haemorrhage
ischaemia
neovascularisation

17
Q

what is neovascularisation

A

haemorrhage and fibrosis

18
Q

what pathologies is present in diabetic eye disease

A

leakage of fluid from dilated capillaries
ischaemia

19
Q

what is retinal ischaemia

A

closure of retinal capillaries

20
Q

how often is diabetic retinopathy screening

A

annually

21
Q

how do you treat diabetic eye disease

A

improve diabetic control through glycaemia, blood pressure and cholesterol

laser and vitrectomy treatment

22
Q

what is a sticky red eye

A

bacterial conjunctivitis

23
Q

what is an itchy red eye

A

allergic conjunctivitis

24
Q

what is red eye usually a sign of

A

that something in the eye is not well

25
Q

what are 4 types of vision loss

A

acute
chronic
painful
painless

26
Q

name some acute painful vision loss

A

keratitis
uveitis
acute angle closure glaucoma
optic neuritis
endophthalmitis

27
Q

name some acute painless vision loss

A

retinal artery or vein occlusion
ischaemic optic neuropathy
vitreous haemorrhage
retinal detachment

28
Q

name some chronic painless vision loss

A

cataract
refractive error
open angle glaucoma
ARMD
diabetic retinopathy

Diseases of Human Systems BDS3 (16 decks)

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