Ophthalmology Flashcards
what are 4 common eye diseases
cataracts
glaucoma
ARMD
diabetes
what are the different types of cataracts
age related
congenital
toxic/drug related
traumatic
systemic disease
what are the treatment options for cataracts
nothing
surgery for intraocular lens implant
what is glaucoma
raised intra ocular pressure
what are mild attacks of glaucoma
pain in eyes and haloes around lights
how do you relieve a mild attack of glaucoma
sleeping
what is a full blown glaucoma attack
rapid deterioration of vision
intense eye pain
redness and watering of eye
sensitive to bright light
haloes around lights
nausea and vomiting
how do you treat glaucoma
reduce production of fluid through beta blocker eye drops
increase drainage of fluid through laser and surgery
what is age related macular degeneration (ARMD)
build up of cellular waste under the retina
what does ARMD affect
only central vision
what are the types of ARMD
drusen type
atrophy (dry)
neovascularisation (wet)
what is dry ARMD
slow atrophy of photoreceptors at macula
what is the treatment for ARMD
no treatment
what is wet ARMD
dry ARMD and leakage of blood and fluid at macula
rapidly progressive
what is the treatment for ARMD
laser treatment sometimes
usually none
dietary vitamin/antioxidant
intravitreal injections
what are the types of diabetic eye disease
cataract
glycaemic vessel damage
leakage, microanneurysms, haemorrhage
ischaemia
neovascularisation
what is neovascularisation
haemorrhage and fibrosis
what pathologies is present in diabetic eye disease
leakage of fluid from dilated capillaries
ischaemia
what is retinal ischaemia
closure of retinal capillaries
how often is diabetic retinopathy screening
annually
how do you treat diabetic eye disease
improve diabetic control through glycaemia, blood pressure and cholesterol
laser and vitrectomy treatment
what is a sticky red eye
bacterial conjunctivitis
what is an itchy red eye
allergic conjunctivitis
what is red eye usually a sign of
that something in the eye is not well
what are 4 types of vision loss
acute
chronic
painful
painless
name some acute painful vision loss
keratitis
uveitis
acute angle closure glaucoma
optic neuritis
endophthalmitis
name some acute painless vision loss
retinal artery or vein occlusion
ischaemic optic neuropathy
vitreous haemorrhage
retinal detachment
name some chronic painless vision loss
cataract
refractive error
open angle glaucoma
ARMD
diabetic retinopathy
