Pregnancy and Perinatal Health Flashcards
what can cause fertility issues
age, smoking, BMI, exercise, drugs, folate, alcohol
when do pregnancy success rates start to fall
after the age of 34
when does the embryo implant in uterus
day 8/9
what dates do the trimesters range from
up to 12 weeks
12-28 weeks
28-40 weeks
what happens in first trimester
structures form
what happens in second trimester
tissues differentiate
what happens in third trimester
growth
what different changes can happen to the mother during pregnancy
physical, hormonal, haematological, cardiovascular, coagulation
why is there increased weight gain during pregnancy
increased fluid and blood volume to prevent hypovolaemia during birth
what is the effect of increased oestrogen and progestogen during pregnancy
increase renin secretion in kidney, increased salt and water retention, increased plasma volume
how is there an increased risk of GORD during pregnancy
as the lower oesophageal sphincter relaxes
how is there an increased risk of GORD during pregnancy
as the lower oesophageal sphincter relaxes
why do we need to position pregnant women on their side during pregnancy
the baby compresses the vena cava and aorta
what does the positioning of the baby mean for the mother
increased urgency and frequency of urination
what should the mother not eat during pregnancy
raw meat and fish, raw eggs, non-pasteruised milk and milk cheese, spicy, grilled and fried food, tuna
when does the zygote become an embryo
4 weeks
when does the embryo become a foetus
10 weeks
when does the second trimester start
14 weeks
when does the third trimester start
27 weeks
what is the placenta
interlinking mesh of blood vessels
what does the placenta allow for
diffusion of nutrients but also infection
what are the stages of labour
induction, first, second, third
what options can help with labour
forceps, ventoux and caesarean
what do you screen for in first trimester
establish dates, determine number of foetuses, diagnose an ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage, examine uterus and pelvic anatomy
what chronic diseases on the mothers part can affect pregnancy
diabetes, hypertension
what infectious diseases on the mothers part can affect pregnancy
hepatitis, HIV, rubella, syphilis
what does FAST stand for
foetal abnormality screening
what does FAST screen for in first trimester
neuchal translucency, maternal hCG, papp-p
what does FAST screen for in second trimester
AFP, abnormality, CVS, ultrasound
what is the baby tested for at birth
physical exam, hearing test, blood spot
what does APGAR score test
activity, pulse, grimace, appearance, respiration
when is the APGAR test done
1 and 5 minutes after birth
what do we consider dentally with pregnancy
pregnancy gingivitis, periodontal health, position of mother in chair
