Psych Unit 5 Flashcards
2 Types of Statistics
- Descriptive
2. Inferential
Descriptive Statistics
used to organize data.
Inferential Statistics
used to infer or predict outcomes
4 Measurement Scales
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio
Nominal Scale
Example?
naming numbers.
Ex: drivers license, social security number, jersey numbers.
Ordinal Scale
Example?
denotes serial position.
Ex: 1st place, etc. or address/house number.
Interval Scales
Example?
consistent units of measure without a true zero point.
Ex: temperature (even at 0 degrees, there is still a temperature).
Ratio Scale
Example?
consistent units of measure with a true zero point.
Ex: test score; it’s possible to get 0%.
2 Types of Development
- Continuous
2. Discontinuous
Continuous Development
ongoing. More of what has come before, but it is more refined.
Discontinuous Development
development in stages.
Longitudinal Study
takes place over a long period of time, like years. A specific population will be sampled.
Cross Section Study
a one time study. Specific variables that we will gather data on. The sample population is specific.
What are the 2 study methods?
- Longitudinal
2. Cross Section
Scientific Method
4 steps
- Develop research question.
- Write a hypothesis (statement of predicted outcome).
- Gather data, conduct experiment.
- Restate hypothesis based on your data.
Naturalistic Observation
An unobtrusive measure (they don’t know they’re being studied). Studying people in their natural environment. You must have specific variables to tally or observe.
Sample
subjects who are observed.
Random Sample
everyone in the population has an equal chance to be selected.
Stratified Sample
specific sample segments with specific variable that qualify them.
Correlation Method
Whether a variable has an effect on another variable. Correlation does not prove causation.
Positive Correlation
Example?
as one goes up, the other variable goes up.
Ex: candy up, cavities up.
Negative Correlation
Example?
as one goes up, the other goes down.
Ex.Exercise up, heart attacks down.
Testing Method
A test about peoples minds
Projective Tests
No right or wrong answer
Case Study Method
4 things
a. Interview the patient, their family, friends, coworkers, etc.
b. Observations
c. Testing (look at Testing Method bullets)
d. Medical Reports
Experimental Method has what 6 things?
- Independent Variable
- Dependent Variable
- control group
- Experimental Group
- Blind subjects
- blind subjects and administrators
Independent variable
Example?
the variable which can be manipulated. The one that you control.
Ex. Drug or dose
Dependent Variable
Example?
the variable that is dependent on the independent variable.
Ex. The cancer or disease
Control Group
People who do not receive treatment
Experimental Group
people who do receive the treatment.
Blind
Test subjects do not know which group they are in.
Double blind
test subjects and test administrators are both unaware of the grouping.
