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Psychology > psych test 3-Altruism > Flashcards

psych test 3-Altruism Flashcards

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1
Q

5 factors of Altruism

A
  1. Clarity of need
  2. Personal Safety
  3. Personal Skill
  4. Similarity to Victim
  5. Established Norms
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2
Q

Clarity of Need

A

Do they really need help? Are you sure?

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3
Q

Personal Safety

A

If you help them, will you be at risk?

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4
Q

Personal Skill

A

do you have any skills to help them?

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5
Q

Similarity to Victim

A

Can you empathize with them?

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6
Q

Established Norms

A

Are other respectable people doing?

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7
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

Responsibility to help is diffused among the possible helpers.

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8
Q

What lessens diffusion?

2 things

A
  1. seeing the victim

2. there is no escape from the situation,

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9
Q

Confederate

A

Someone who works for the researcher, but appears to the test subjects to just be a regular person.

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10
Q

Exchange Theory

  1. what psychology?
  2. what is it?
A
  1. Behaviorism.

2. People help or don’t help because of rewards and punishments.

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11
Q

Rewards of Helping

3 things

A
  1. You feel good.
  2. Money/rewards.
  3. The person gets help they need.
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12
Q

Rewards of Not Helping

3 things

A
  1. No risk involved.
  2. It saves time.
  3. You avoid looking incompetent.
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13
Q

Punishments of Helping

3 things

A
  1. Risk is involved.
  2. It takes time.
  3. You could look incompetent.
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14
Q

Punishments of Not Helping

2 things

A
  1. You feel bad.

2. Someone could be harmed.

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15
Q

6 factors of liking

A
  1. Appearance
  2. Attribution
  3. Proximity
  4. Similarity
  5. Familiarity
  6. Reciprocal Liking
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16
Q

Appearance

A

How do they look?

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17
Q

Attribution

A

Attribute or award qualities given to someone based on appearance or behavior

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18
Q

The Halo Effect

A

someone is attractive, so they must be smart, kind, hardworking, and perfect

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19
Q

Proximity

A

Nearness. someone is easy to access

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20
Q

Similarity

A

Similar Interests

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21
Q

Familiarity

A

We are friends with people we interact with frequently.

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22
Q

Reciprocal Liking

A

We like people who like us

23
Q

3 Parts of Attitude

A
  1. Cognitive
  2. Emotional
  3. Behavioral
24
Q

Cognitive (part of attitude)

A

Knowledge.

25
Q

Emotional (part of attitude)

A

Feelings.

26
Q

Behavioral (part of attitude)

A

actions.

27
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

When attitudes and behaviors are in conflict

28
Q

How to fix cognitive dissonance

3 things

A
  1. Change attitude
  2. Change behavior
  3. Change both.
29
Q

Sources of Attitudes

4 things

A
  1. Cognitive
  2. emotional
  3. Social
  4. Behavioral
30
Q

Why know the source of an attitude

A

so you can change it.

31
Q

Cognitive (source of attitude)

A

information

32
Q

changing an Emotional (source of attitude)

A

difficult to change-create another emotional event.

33
Q

Social (source of attitude)

A

family, friends, community, religion

34
Q

Behavioral (source of attitude)

A

Do you like it because you do it? or do you do it because yo like it?

35
Q

Fixed response (opinion poll)

  1. what?
  2. Problems (2)
  3. Why?
A
  1. select between given choices
  2. a) not accurate b) could lie
  3. Easy to tabulate
36
Q

Open Ended response (opinion poll)

2 things

A
  1. More accurate

2. difficult to tabulate

37
Q 
Likert Scale (measurement scale)
(3 things)
A
  1. Anonymous-reliable
  2. easy to tabulate
  3. less precise
38
Q

Unobtrusive Measures

A

people don’t know they are being studied.

39
Q

Social Validation

A

the more people who share an attitude the more likely we are to change ours to match.

40
Q

Likable

A

we listen to people we like.

41
Q

Scarcity

A

we are persuaded if we believe resources are scarce

42
Q

Reciprocity

A

we are unhappy if we feel indebted to someone

change attitude to to feel even again.

43
Q

Message

4 rules

A
  1. Can’t be too emotional
  2. must be presented logically
  3. New attitude must meet your needs
  4. Must accept the old attitude had merit.
44
Q

Consistency with public comments

2 rules

A
  1. Avoid hypocrisy

2. avoid cognitive dissonance

45
Q

Brainwashing

A
  1. Personal identity is removed
  2. must be dependent on authority figure for survival
  3. Rewards and punishments
  4. Social pressure to change
  5. not permanent
46
Q

3 Factors of Conformity

A
  1. High visibility
  2. Group Attractiveness
  3. Directedness
47
Q

High Visibility

A

the more visible you are, the more likely you are to conform

48
Q

Group Attractiveness
3 groups
which is most likely to conform?

A

Leader
middle
lower
the middle

49
Q

Directedness

2 things

A

innner directed-internal locus of control

Outer directed-outside locus of control

50
Q

We will follow ________ even if it causes _______ ________

A

Authority

cognitive dissoncance

51
Q

Who developed the attribution theory?

A

Heider

52
Q

Explain the fundamental attribution error.

A

We are more inclined to attribute behavior to personal flaw as opposed to outside circumstances.

53
Q

Define prejudice

A

Not liking a person for an actual reason.

54
Q

Define discrimination

A

Not liking someone based on a category or group to which they belong, instead of a resin which has actual merit.

Psychology (16 decks)

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