Moral and Ethical test Flashcards
What are Piaget’s 2 types of moral reasoning?
- Heteronomous morality
2. Autonomous Morality
Heteronomous Morality
2
- children see the world as black or white
2. Immediate justice, immediate consequence.
Autonomous Morality
Children and adults recognize intent along with action.
What is Frueds Moral reasoning?
Unconscious origin.
Unconscious Origin (3)
- Unconscious desire to avoid guilt
- Moral Gardian-SuperEgo
- Internalize the moral ideas of our parents in the Phalic stage.
Behaviorism and morality
morality is learned through reinforcement
Bundura believed in?
Modeling as a way to reinforce moral and ethical reasoning.
Mischel has what theory?
Behaviorism/cognitive
What is Behaviorism/cognitive theory? (2)
- Reinforcement/understanding
2. difference between moral performance and competence
What is moral performance vs. moral competence?
- behavior
2. understanding.
Kohlberg’s 6 stages of reasoning.
- right to avoid punishment
- right to satisfy own needs
- nice girl, good boy
- law and order
- right is determined by society
- right is determined by own conscience
What is Warner’s Theory called?
Responsibility of Morality
What are the 3 types of Responsibility of Morality choices?
- Chocolate and vanilla
- Contingent Choice
- Moral Choice
What is a chocolate and vanilla choice?
A choice with no moral context
What is a Contingent Choice?
Choice tied to circumstances we may not control, but are dependent on outside force.
What is a moral choice?
Choice tied to values, beliefs, and commitments
What does Warner say about “right feelings”? (3)
- We have a “right feeling” about moral choices
- If we act on the right feeling we are acting responsibly, and making the correct moral choice
- if we don’t we have self-betrayed.
What is self betrayal?
what does it always involve?
- act against the right feeling and make the wrong moral choice.
- always involves rationalization, justification and blaming.
Rationalization
Why is this ok?
Justification
Supporting evidence as to why the choice is ok
Utilitarian decision
we prefer to sacrifice the one and save the many.
What two stages are in Kohlberg’s pre moral level?
What do these levels revolve around?
- right to avoid punishment
- right to satisfy own needs
Egocentrism and personal interests
What 2 stages are in Kohlberg’s Morality of Conventional Role-Conformity
What comes into play in these stages? (2)
- nice girl, good boy
- Law and Order
recognition of ones goal and interpersonal relationships.
In what stage does Kohlberg say Golden Rule thinking begins?
- nice girl, good boy
What stages are in Kohlberg’s Morality of Self-accepted moral principles?
- right is determined by society.
6. right is determined by own conscience
What are the 3 levels of Kohlberg’s 6 stages of development?
- Premoral self
- Morality of Conventional role-conformity
- Morality of self-accepted moral principles.
What are two criticisms of Kohlbergs stages?
- Non-western civilizations reason differently
2. Men and Women reason differently.
Warner’s Doctrine of Double Effect 5 elements
- Positive Duty
- Negative Effect
- Intended Effect
- Unintended Effect
- Is anyone being used as a means to and end?
Positive Duty
To help people (including yourself)
Negative Duty
Not to harm people (including yourself)
Intended Effect
Planned Outcome
Unintended Effect
foreseen occurrence
What will guide your decision in Warner’s Doctrine of Double Effect?
If your Negative duty supersedes positive duty.
