Abnormal Psych Flashcards
Unusual Behavior
Statistically rare or statistically deviant.
Faulty Perception and Distorted Reality is when you have what 2 things?
Hallucinations and hearing voices.
Inappropriate Personal Distress
Extremes of distress.
Dangerous Behavior
To self or others. Ex – suicide, cutting, acting on the voices (such as the Batman massacre).
Demonological Model
People were possessed by spirits.
Medical Model
Organic or biological origin. Chemical unbalances cause it.
Learning Model
Mental illness behaviors exist as a result of reinforcement.
Cognitive Model
Develop irrational beliefs and thoughts, and there are problems with mental processing.
Neurosis
Coping behavior.
Anxiety or Panic Attack
Extreme physical distress, such as heart racing, hyperventilation, dizziness, cold sweat. Provoked by high anxiety producing situations.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Obsessions?
Compulsions?
One without other?
Obsessions – overwhelming thoughts.
Compulsions – overwhelming urges to act.
Can have obsessions without compulsions, but cannot have compulsions without obsessions.
Phobia
Overwhelming fears where no real danger exists.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Caused by an extreme traumatic event. Causes nightmares, flashbacks, insomnia.
Conversion Reaction
There appears a physical disability where no damage, injusry, or disease exist. Ex – blindness, deafness, paralysis. Soldiers getting those when on the front lines to escape danger of combat.
Neurotic Depression
More than usual sadness. This is not the kind of depression that people kill themselves over; it is the precursor.
Psychosis
Separating from anxiety.
Bipolar
What then what?
Like what?
Mania and depression.
Mania first, followed by depression. If VERY manic, will get VERY depressed, such as manic for three weeks, depressed for three weeks (the times usually equal out). The switch between states can be daily, or for some people monthly.
Like a pendulum.
Mania
High highs, delusions of grandeur (I’m the best doctor and I can perform two surgeries at the same time with my eyes closed), insomnia, and very irritable.
Depression
Low lows, feeling of helplessness and hopelessness.
Schizophrenia
what kind of mania?
what is it?
when?
Split mania.
Inability to differentiate between reality and non-reality.
Comes on approximately between ages 13-30.
Thought Disorders include what 2 things that start with a D?
- Distorted language – word salad, clang association.
2. Delusions
2 Types of Dillusions
- Delusions of Grandeur
2. Delusions of Persecution
Perception Disorders
What happens?
(3 things)
- Hearing voices – voices are very hostile, mean, angry, and critical.
- Hallucinations.
- Sensory Distortions
2 Types of Sensory Distortions
- Tactile – feelings of burning or tingling.
2. Somatoform – feelings as though things are creeping or crawling on you.
Affection Disorders
Inappropriate emotions, or inadequate emotions. Ex. Not being emotional when wife dies.
Motor Disorders
Frequent repetitive actions. Ex. Tapping or walking.
Volition Disorders
Inability to start and complete and things. Ex. School.
Identity Disorders
Loss of identity or knowledge of self.
Relationship Disorders
Difficulty in building and maintaining relationships with people.
Types of Schizophrenia (5)
- Hebephrenic
- Paranoid
- Catatonic
- Undifferentiable or Disorganized
- Residual
Hebephrenic schiz
Most severe form. Most of the symptoms are present.
Paranoid schiz
People believe everyone is out to harm them. They trust no one. Thinks everyone is spying on them. Will have delusions of persecution.
Catatonic schiz
Coma-like state. Often have waxy flexibility – you can literally pose them and they will never move, kind of like rubber flexy dolls.
Undifferentiable or Disorganized schiz
When several symptoms are present, but no clear category is present.
Residual schiz
The remaining schizophrenic symptoms, even after treatment.
Amnesia
Partial or total loss of memory due to some psychological, not physical, reason. Blank slate – remembers nothing from the past, can build no new memories or identity.
Fugue
Loss of identity, but the person creates a new one.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personalities) (2 Explinations)
First explanation – extremely traumatizing event or accumulation of anxiety. The person creates new personalities they believe are better equipped to deal with the trauma.
Second explanation – extremely traumatizing event or accumulation of anxiety. Personality traits that being to act out and thereby look as though the person has a different personality. The acting out traits are seen as better able to deal with the trauma.
Attributes of DID (3 things)
- Person doesn’t know they have other personalities.
- The personalities know they are not real.
- The personalities often converse about the real person.
Personality Disorders (2)
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
2. Antisocial Psychotic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Have an oversized and grandiose sense of self importance. Have an abundance of self-love. Feel entitled to maximum attention. Need for attention and flattery. Born with it, and will have it their whole life.
Antisocial Psychotic Personality Disorder
7 things
- No conscience – never feels guilty.
- Aggressive
- Reckless
- Very skilled liars
- Dishonest in money matters
- Can’t maintain relationships
- Lack of impulse control
DSM IV (5 things)
1.1. Clinical Syndromes
2.Mental retardation (below average (100) IQ) or Personality Disorders
3.General medical conditions.
4.Environmental issues
Housing issues
Educational issues
Economic issues
Social issues
Employment issues
5.GAF – global assessment of functioning. Between 1 and 100.
DSM IV Purposes (3)
- Diagnose correctly
- Proper treatment
- Prognosis (not is the expected outcome?)
Therapies (6 types)
- Psychodynamic
- Phenomenological Therapies (Humanistic)
- Cognitive Therapies
- Behavior Therapies
- Group Therapies
- Biological Therapies
Psychodynamic
What?
3 things?
Mental illness originates from the unconscious. Psychodynamic therapy includes:
- Hypnosis
- Dream analysis
- Free word association (mother, witch)
2 Types of Psychodynamic therapy and define
- Traditional – have to go to therapy for whole life to relieve the unconscious.
- Modern – have to go to therapy for maybe a few decades to clean out the unconscious.
Phenomenological Therapies (Humanistic) what? 2 types? and define.
Warm and fuzzy.
- Client/Patient Centered – therapist acts as a supportive listener. Believes you have the power to help yourself. Nondirective (they don’t tell you what to do; you figure that out for yourself).
- Gestalt – very directive. Supportive self-help, but with direction.
Cognitive Therapies
3 things
- Rational Emotive
- Cognitive Therapy
- Cognitive restructuring
4 cognitive errors
I. Absolutist thinking
II. Selective perception
III. Overgeneralization
IV. Magnifying
Behavior Therapies (4 types)
- Operant Conditioning.
- Systematic Desensitization
- Aversive Conditioning
- Self-Control Technique
Group Therapies (3 types)
- Encounter Group – gathering of people to support each other not sharing the same issues.
- Self Help Group – gathering of people with the same mental health issues.
- Family Group
I.Family in therapy together
II.Several families meeting together
Biological Therapies (3 types)
- Chemotherapy – antidepressants and antipsychotics.
- Electroconvulsive Therapy – ECT. Electric shock. Used only in extremely sever cases of depression. Like a last hope kind of option.
- Psychosurgery – brain surgery where part of brain will be cut out. Extremely rare and extremely dangers.
Delusions of Grandeur
Super human powers
Delusions of Persecution
people are out to get them.
Rational Emotive
irrational believes are being harbored and causing bad feelings. Ex – OCD and being unable to disinfect the whole world, making you feel inadequate.
Cognitive therapy
who and what?
Beck. 4 cognitive errors
Cognitive restructing is when what leads to what?
irrational believes lead to irrational actions.
Operant Conditioning (behavior)
change mentally ill behavior through reinforcement.
Systematic Desensitization (behavior)
gradually have more and more exposure to the phobic item.
Aversive Conditioning (behavior)
– pair a noxious (annoying) stimulus with a particular unwanted behavior. Ex. Flicking rubber band.
Self-Control Technique (behavior)
– keep a record of behavior then determine triggers to be avoided or managed.
What was Rosenhans study?
The pseudo patient study, in which people had to find their way out of a mental institution, and take notes on their experience.
What are 3 significant findings from the Rosenhan study?
- There was hardly any patient-assistant interaction
- The most experienced doctors hardly had any interaction with patients
- Patients were powerless, and had no rights
What is the DSM IV?
A book that helps diagnose patients, based on 5 Axes.
What are the two type of Psychosis
1 Affective disorders
2 dissociative dissorders
Name the Neurosis
6
- Anxiety/panic attacks
- OCD
- Phobias
- PTSD
- Conversion reaction
- Neurotic Depression
Name the Psychosis (affective)
4
- Bi polar
- Mania
- Depression
- Schizophrenia
Name the Psychosis (dissociative)
5
- Amnesia
- Fugue
- Dissociative Identity Disorder
- Narcissistic personality dissorder
- Anti-social psychotic personalty dissorder
