MEMORY/ANY CONDITIONING Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 Memory Functions?

A
  1. Acquisition
  2. Storage or Retention
  3. Retrieval
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2
Q

Define Acquisition

A

acquiring the information.

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3
Q

What is the best way to acquire?

A

PAY ATTENTION. Sound silly-tell yourself you are focusing.

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4
Q

What is the best way to store?

A

Store the information in a folder in your brain with a crazy name.

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5
Q

What might retrieval be affected by? (2 things)

A
  1. Acquisition

2. Storage or Retention

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6
Q

What is the reasoning behind the Multiple Memory Theory?

A

Memories are best processed effectively through each memory stage

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7
Q

Sensory memory

  1. What?
  2. most often kept?
  3. how long?
A
  1. Acts as a sorter
  2. sight or smell memories
  3. 1-2 seconds
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8
Q

Short term memory period lasts how long?

A

17 seconds

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9
Q

How many items can be stored in the short term memory?

A

7

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10
Q

what is chunking?

A

combining items to “fit” in our short term capacity.

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11
Q

What is rehearsal?

A

Sending information through again.

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12
Q

What does rehearsal do?

A

extends “life” of short term memory items.

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13
Q

What is a Constructive Memory?

A

creating a memory that isn’t there, due to surrounding information we receive.

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14
Q

What happens when you revisit a memory?

A

You fill in any gaps, and “plump” the memory up, changing it.

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15
Q

What is Semantic Distinctiveness?

A

We recall that which is unique

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16
Q

What is the Primary Effect?

A

We recall that which comes 1st

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17
Q

What is the Recency Effect?

A

We recall that which comes last.

18
Q

Long term memory

  1. lasts?
  2. how much?
A
  1. forever

2. unlimited capacity

19
Q

What is the reasoning behind the level of processing theory?

A

Memories are best the deeper the overall processing.

20
Q

What is Association Value?

A

Memories are better the more we associate with them.

21
Q

With what do you associate memories strongly?

4 things

A
  1. People
  2. experiences
  3. complexity
  4. emotions.
22
Q

Episodic

A

Information is stored in episodes, or snapshots/pictures.

23
Q

Semantic

A

Information is stored as letters, numbers, strings of items (addresses, locations, phone numbers, etc.)

24
Q

Poor acquisition or poor encoding

A

we never learned it right to begin with.

25
Q

Poor storage

A

stored incorrectly, with too much other stuff.

26
Q

Trace decay

A

Over time memories fade

27
Q

What are the 2 interferences?

A
  1. proactive

2. retroactive

28
Q

Proactive Interference

A

old learning interfering with new learning

29
Q

Retroactive Interference

A

new learning interfering with old learning

30
Q

What if a memory is too painful to recall?

A

We may repress the memory, causing us to forget.

31
Q

Schema/Schemata

A

mental framework for memory.

32
Q

Loci Method

A

locate items in particular places.

33
Q

What if you don’t Pay attention?

A

You may have poor encoding and acquisition?

34
Q

Distributed practice

A

study unrelated material.

35
Q

Over learning

A

learn up at 150% so you drop to 75%, rather than learning at 100% and dropping to 50%.

36
Q

Behaviorism

A

Everything is learned. All learning comes from reinforcement.

37
Q

Learning

A

Conditioning. A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of practice or experience.

38
Q

Response

A

Behavior

39
Q

What’s Not Learned?

2 things

A
  1. Reflexes

2. Instincts

40
Q

4 Instinct Criteria

A
  1. Must appear in its most complete form at the earliest opportunity.
  2. Must appear without practice.
  3. Specific neurophysiological process.
  4. All species members must do it.
41
Q

Critical Learning Period

A

A specific time when an organism preforms a behavior that if not done then, does not happen at all.