MEMORY/ANY CONDITIONING

Question 1

What are the 3 Memory Functions?

Answer 1

1. Acquisition
2. Storage or Retention
3. Retrieval

Question 2

Define Acquisition

Answer 2

acquiring the information.

Question 3

What is the best way to acquire?

Answer 3

PAY ATTENTION. Sound silly-tell yourself you are focusing.

Question 4

What is the best way to store?

Answer 4

Store the information in a folder in your brain with a crazy name.

Question 5

What might retrieval be affected by? (2 things)

Answer 5

1. Acquisition

2. Storage or Retention

Question 6

What is the reasoning behind the Multiple Memory Theory?

Answer 6

Memories are best processed effectively through each memory stage

Question 7

Sensory memory

1. What?
2. most often kept?
3. how long?

Answer 7

1. Acts as a sorter
2. sight or smell memories
3. 1-2 seconds

Question 8

Short term memory period lasts how long?

Answer 8

17 seconds

Question 9

How many items can be stored in the short term memory?

Answer 9

7

Question 10

what is chunking?

Answer 10

combining items to “fit” in our short term capacity.

Question 11

What is rehearsal?

Answer 11

Sending information through again.

Question 12

What does rehearsal do?

Answer 12

extends “life” of short term memory items.

Question 13

What is a Constructive Memory?

Answer 13

creating a memory that isn’t there, due to surrounding information we receive.

Question 14

What happens when you revisit a memory?

Answer 14

You fill in any gaps, and “plump” the memory up, changing it.

Question 15

What is Semantic Distinctiveness?

Answer 15

We recall that which is unique

Question 16

What is the Primary Effect?

Answer 16

We recall that which comes 1st

Question 17

What is the Recency Effect?

Answer 17

We recall that which comes last.

Question 18

Long term memory

1. lasts?
2. how much?

Answer 18

1. forever

2. unlimited capacity

Question 19

What is the reasoning behind the level of processing theory?

Answer 19

Memories are best the deeper the overall processing.

Question 20

What is Association Value?

Answer 20

Memories are better the more we associate with them.

Question 21

With what do you associate memories strongly?

4 things

Answer 21

1. People
2. experiences
3. complexity
4. emotions.

Question 22

Episodic

Answer 22

Information is stored in episodes, or snapshots/pictures.

Question 23

Semantic

Answer 23

Information is stored as letters, numbers, strings of items (addresses, locations, phone numbers, etc.)

Question 24

Poor acquisition or poor encoding

Answer 24

we never learned it right to begin with.

Question 25

Poor storage

Answer 25

stored incorrectly, with too much other stuff.

Question 26

Trace decay

Answer 26

Over time memories fade

Question 27

What are the 2 interferences?

Answer 27

1. proactive

2. retroactive

Question 28

Proactive Interference

Answer 28

old learning interfering with new learning

Question 29

Retroactive Interference

Answer 29

new learning interfering with old learning

Question 30

What if a memory is too painful to recall?

Answer 30

We may repress the memory, causing us to forget.

Question 31

Schema/Schemata

Answer 31

mental framework for memory.

Question 32

Loci Method

Answer 32

locate items in particular places.

Question 33

What if you don’t Pay attention?

Answer 33

You may have poor encoding and acquisition?

Question 34

Distributed practice

Answer 34

study unrelated material.

Question 35

Over learning

Answer 35

learn up at 150% so you drop to 75%, rather than learning at 100% and dropping to 50%.

Question 36

Behaviorism

Answer 36

Everything is learned. All learning comes from reinforcement.

Question 37

Learning

Answer 37

Conditioning. A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of practice or experience.

Question 38

Response

Answer 38

Behavior

Question 39

What’s Not Learned?

2 things

Answer 39

1. Reflexes

2. Instincts

Question 40

4 Instinct Criteria

Answer 40

1. Must appear in its most complete form at the earliest opportunity.
2. Must appear without practice.
3. Specific neurophysiological process.
4. All species members must do it.

Question 41

Critical Learning Period

Answer 41

A specific time when an organism preforms a behavior that if not done then, does not happen at all.