MEMORY/ANY CONDITIONING Flashcards
What are the 3 Memory Functions?
- Acquisition
- Storage or Retention
- Retrieval
Define Acquisition
acquiring the information.
What is the best way to acquire?
PAY ATTENTION. Sound silly-tell yourself you are focusing.
What is the best way to store?
Store the information in a folder in your brain with a crazy name.
What might retrieval be affected by? (2 things)
- Acquisition
2. Storage or Retention
What is the reasoning behind the Multiple Memory Theory?
Memories are best processed effectively through each memory stage
Sensory memory
- What?
- most often kept?
- how long?
- Acts as a sorter
- sight or smell memories
- 1-2 seconds
Short term memory period lasts how long?
17 seconds
How many items can be stored in the short term memory?
7
what is chunking?
combining items to “fit” in our short term capacity.
What is rehearsal?
Sending information through again.
What does rehearsal do?
extends “life” of short term memory items.
What is a Constructive Memory?
creating a memory that isn’t there, due to surrounding information we receive.
What happens when you revisit a memory?
You fill in any gaps, and “plump” the memory up, changing it.
What is Semantic Distinctiveness?
We recall that which is unique
What is the Primary Effect?
We recall that which comes 1st
What is the Recency Effect?
We recall that which comes last.
Long term memory
- lasts?
- how much?
- forever
2. unlimited capacity
What is the reasoning behind the level of processing theory?
Memories are best the deeper the overall processing.
What is Association Value?
Memories are better the more we associate with them.
With what do you associate memories strongly?
4 things
- People
- experiences
- complexity
- emotions.
Episodic
Information is stored in episodes, or snapshots/pictures.
Semantic
Information is stored as letters, numbers, strings of items (addresses, locations, phone numbers, etc.)
Poor acquisition or poor encoding
we never learned it right to begin with.
Poor storage
stored incorrectly, with too much other stuff.
Trace decay
Over time memories fade
What are the 2 interferences?
- proactive
2. retroactive
Proactive Interference
old learning interfering with new learning
Retroactive Interference
new learning interfering with old learning
What if a memory is too painful to recall?
We may repress the memory, causing us to forget.
Schema/Schemata
mental framework for memory.
Loci Method
locate items in particular places.
What if you don’t Pay attention?
You may have poor encoding and acquisition?
Distributed practice
study unrelated material.
Over learning
learn up at 150% so you drop to 75%, rather than learning at 100% and dropping to 50%.
Behaviorism
Everything is learned. All learning comes from reinforcement.
Learning
Conditioning. A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of practice or experience.
Response
Behavior
What’s Not Learned?
2 things
- Reflexes
2. Instincts
4 Instinct Criteria
- Must appear in its most complete form at the earliest opportunity.
- Must appear without practice.
- Specific neurophysiological process.
- All species members must do it.
Critical Learning Period
A specific time when an organism preforms a behavior that if not done then, does not happen at all.
