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Psychology > Psych Part 5 > Flashcards

Psych Part 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary Care

A

Preventative care; disease management; community-based

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2
Q

Secondary Care

A

Acute care (Emergency department)

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3
Q

Tertiary Care

A

Specialized

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4
Q

Medical Model of Disease

A

Emphasizes the physiological and pathological nature of disease.

Focus on ultimate cause.

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5
Q

Medicalization

A

Process of a condition being recognized as a disease

Can influence social problems.

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6
Q

Social model of disease

A

Emphasizes how social context impacts disease

Focus on proximate cause.

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7
Q

Social epidemiology

A

studies of how social organization contributes to disease

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8
Q

Food desert

A

Lack of healthy/fresh food

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9
Q

Sick Role

A

Defined by Talcott Parsons.

Sickness equates to a type of deviance as it becomes a burden on society.

In exchange for the fact that others must fill in for the absence of a sick persons contribution, there is an obligation to get better.

Note criticism: May reflect acute illness, but not chronic or a “life-style” disease.

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10
Q

Illness experience

A

Phenomenological in a sense - interested in subjective experience of a patient.

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11
Q

Culture

A

A shared way of life.

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12
Q

Common elements of culture

A

Symbolic culture

Material Culture

Non-material

Popular culture

High culture - limited to the elites

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13
Q

Cultural universals

A

Survival essentials: Food, shelter

or

human events: birth, death, illness

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14
Q

Values

A

Standards for evaluating good from bad

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15
Q

Beliefs

A

Convictions/principles that people hold

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16
Q

Norms

A

(In)visible social conduct/rules of society

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17
Q

Sociobiology

A

How biology and evolution have affected social behaviour.

Assumes that certain behaviours have biological roots.

Consider culture to be a product of and complimentary to human evolution.

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18
Q

Cultural Construction and Transformation

A

Cultural diffusion

Cultural competence

Cultural transmission

Social Change

Social Lag

Transition shock

Sociocultural evolution

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19
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

transfer of culture between social groups (direct, indirect, or forced)

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20
Q

Cultural competence

A

effective interaction of ppl between cultures

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21
Q

Cultural transmission

A

Transfer of knowledge between generations

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22
Q

Social chance

A

Culture is not static

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23
Q

Cultural Lag

A

Culture change lags behind social change.
Material culture tends to change much faster than the non-material.

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24
Q

Transition shock

A

Culture Shock as a sub-example

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25
Q

Sociocultural evolution

A

Sociobiology

Modernization

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26
Q

Population studies

A

Concerned with demographic shifts.

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27
Q

Population growth rate

A

Rate of population change over time. Expressed as % of initial population.

28
Q

Population equilibrium

A

Growth/decline = balanced, typically at carrying capacity

29
Q

Population distribution

A

Usually reflected by population pyramids

30
Q

Crude birth rate (CBR)

A

Number of births per 1000 individuals in population.

10 - 20 is considered low; 40 - 50 is considered high

31
Q

Crude death rate (CDR)

A

Number of deaths per 1000 individuals

Below 10 is considered low; above 20 is considered high

32
Q

Rate of population change

A

CDR - CBR

Check that this equation is the right way round

33
Q

Age-specific birth/death rates

A

Annual birth/death rate per 1000 individuals of population.

34
Q

General fertility rate

A

Annual number of births per 1000 women in a population.

35
Q

Total fertility rate

A

Predicts total number of births per single woman in a population.

Assumes:
1. Woman experience current age-specific fertility rate

  1. Womens reproductive lifespan is 15 - 45
36
Q

Replacement fertility rate

A

Required to maintain the population as balanced.

37
Q

Population lag effect

A

Notes that the change in fertility rate is often not noticeable for a number of generations.

This is because a period of significant births will result in more women that are predicted to have children, irrespective of how many they actually have.

38
Q

Mortality

A

Death rate

39
Q

Morbidity

A

Nature and extent of disease in a population

40
Q

Incidence rate

A

Number of new cases of a disease

41
Q

Prevalence rate

A

Number of people experiencing a disease

42
Q

Case fatality rate

A

Death as a result of diagnosis of disease/procedure

43
Q

Life expectancy

A

Number of years expected to live from birth.

44
Q

Current leading cause of death worldwide

A

Ischemic heart disease

45
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Annual number of deaths per 1000 infants under age one.

Current countries range from 5 (iceland) to 170 (sierra leone)

46
Q

Migration

A

The geographic movement of people, families, and/or small groups.

Alternate factor in demographic change than birth/death.

Note: distinct from non-permanent movement ie. travel or nomadism

47
Q

Types of Migration

A

Internal

External

48
Q

Everett Lee

A

Factors in migration:

Push: Unattractive things like economy, religious, violence, genocide

Pull: Attraction to new area

49
Q

Urban growth/decline/renewal

A

A form of internal migration.

Link between urbanization and industrialization.

50
Q

Urban blight

A
51
Q

Theories of demographic change

A

Demographic Transition (DT)

Malthusian

Neo-Malthusian

52
Q

Demographic Transition (DT)

A

Higher to lower overall birth and death rates during the transition from pre-industrial to industrial.

Can lead to stability in a population.

Specific stages are described.

Critiques: Does not acknowledge social factors such as religion on birth rates.

53
Q

Malthusian

A

Population reflects availability of resources for sustenance.

Stated that the possible rate of population growth exceed the possible rate of resource increase resulting in two checks on population:

(1) Positive checks: death rate; illness; disaster; hunger; wars

(2) Preventative checks: abstinence; birth control late marriage; same-sex

Malthusian Catastrophe: When the means of sustenance do not meet the population need.

54
Q

Neo-malthusian

A

Follows central principles of Malthusian theory, but advocates for population control.

55
Q

Age

A

Can be chronicled from birth to death, however some cultures include the period of gestation.

Has social and biological components.

56
Q

Stable populations

A

An even distribution of ages.

57
Q

Gender schema theory

A

Study of how gender roles become socialized in society

58
Q

Transgender

A

Individuals with a gender identity that is distinct from their biological sex.

59
Q

Race

A

Description of a social group based on shared characteristics.

Often shared biological/genetic traits.

60
Q

Ethnicicty

A
61
Q

Ethnogenesis

A

Social process resulting in the creation of new ethnicities.

62
Q

Racial formation perspective

A

Michael Omi and Howard Winat.

Describes how race is a fluid social construct enforced through macro and micro processes.

Argues that biological differences would be meaningless without social constructs.

63
Q

Racialization of Ethnicization

A

A social process by which dominant groups ascribe racial or ethnic identities.

64
Q

Sexual Orientation

A

Targets of personal romantic interest.

Three main: hetero, homo, bi

65
Q

Pansexual

A

Attracted to people irrespective of sex

66
Q

Kinsey Hetero-homo scale

A

Scale from 0 - 6, with hetero being 0 and 6 being homo

Psychology (9 decks)

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