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Psych Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Care

A

Preventative care; disease management; community-based

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2
Q

Secondary Care

A

Acute care (Emergency department)

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3
Q

Tertiary Care

A

Specialized

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4
Q

Medical Model of Disease

A

Emphasizes the physiological and pathological nature of disease.

Focus on ultimate cause.

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5
Q

Medicalization

A

Process of a condition being recognized as a disease

Can influence social problems.

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6
Q

Social model of disease

A

Emphasizes how social context impacts disease

Focus on proximate cause.

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7
Q

Social epidemiology

A

studies of how social organization contributes to disease

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8
Q

Food desert

A

Lack of healthy/fresh food

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9
Q

Sick Role

A

Defined by Talcott Parsons.

Sickness equates to a type of deviance as it becomes a burden on society.

In exchange for the fact that others must fill in for the absence of a sick persons contribution, there is an obligation to get better.

Note criticism: May reflect acute illness, but not chronic or a “life-style” disease.

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10
Q

Illness experience

A

Phenomenological in a sense - interested in subjective experience of a patient.

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11
Q

Culture

A

A shared way of life.

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12
Q

Common elements of culture

A

Symbolic culture

Material Culture

Non-material

Popular culture

High culture - limited to the elites

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13
Q

Cultural universals

A

Survival essentials: Food, shelter

or

human events: birth, death, illness

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14
Q

Values

A

Standards for evaluating good from bad

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15
Q

Beliefs

A

Convictions/principles that people hold

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16
Q

Norms

A

(In)visible social conduct/rules of society

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17
Q

Sociobiology

A

How biology and evolution have affected social behaviour.

Assumes that certain behaviours have biological roots.

Consider culture to be a product of and complimentary to human evolution.

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18
Q

Cultural Construction and Transformation

A

Cultural diffusion

Cultural competence

Cultural transmission

Social Change

Social Lag

Transition shock

Sociocultural evolution

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19
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

transfer of culture between social groups (direct, indirect, or forced)

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20
Q

Cultural competence

A

effective interaction of ppl between cultures

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21
Q

Cultural transmission

A

Transfer of knowledge between generations

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22
Q

Social chance

A

Culture is not static

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23
Q

Cultural Lag

A

Culture change lags behind social change.
Material culture tends to change much faster than the non-material.

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24
Q

Transition shock

A

Culture Shock as a sub-example

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25
Sociocultural evolution
Sociobiology Modernization
26
Population studies
Concerned with demographic shifts.
27
Population growth rate
Rate of population change over time. Expressed as % of initial population.
28
Population equilibrium
Growth/decline = balanced, typically at carrying capacity
29
Population distribution
Usually reflected by population pyramids
30
Crude birth rate (CBR)
Number of births per 1000 individuals in population. 10 - 20 is considered low; 40 - 50 is considered high
31
Crude death rate (CDR)
Number of deaths per 1000 individuals Below 10 is considered low; above 20 is considered high
32
Rate of population change
CDR - CBR **Check that this equation is the right way round**
33
Age-specific birth/death rates
Annual birth/death rate per 1000 individuals of population.
34
General fertility rate
Annual number of births per 1000 women in a population.
35
Total fertility rate
Predicts total number of births per single woman in a population. Assumes: 1. Woman experience current age-specific fertility rate 2. Womens reproductive lifespan is 15 - 45
36
Replacement fertility rate
Required to maintain the population as balanced.
37
Population lag effect
Notes that the change in fertility rate is often not noticeable for a number of generations. This is because a period of significant births will result in more women that are predicted to have children, irrespective of how many they actually have.
38
Mortality
Death rate
39
Morbidity
Nature and extent of disease in a population
40
Incidence rate
Number of new cases of a disease
41
Prevalence rate
Number of people experiencing a disease
42
Case fatality rate
Death as a result of diagnosis of disease/procedure
43
Life expectancy
Number of years expected to live from birth.
44
Current leading cause of death worldwide
Ischemic heart disease
45
Infant mortality rate
Annual number of deaths per 1000 infants under age one. Current countries range from 5 (iceland) to 170 (sierra leone)
46
Migration
The geographic movement of people, families, and/or small groups. Alternate factor in demographic change than birth/death. Note: distinct from non-permanent movement ie. travel or nomadism
47
Types of Migration
Internal External
48
Everett Lee
Factors in migration: Push: Unattractive things like economy, religious, violence, genocide Pull: Attraction to new area
49
Urban growth/decline/renewal
A form of internal migration. Link between urbanization and industrialization.
50
Urban blight
51
Theories of demographic change
Demographic Transition (DT) Malthusian Neo-Malthusian
52
Demographic Transition (DT)
Higher to lower overall birth and death rates during the transition from pre-industrial to industrial. Can lead to stability in a population. Specific stages are described. Critiques: Does not acknowledge social factors such as religion on birth rates.
53
Malthusian
Population reflects availability of resources for sustenance. Stated that the possible rate of population growth exceed the possible rate of resource increase resulting in two checks on population: (1) Positive checks: death rate; illness; disaster; hunger; wars (2) Preventative checks: abstinence; birth control late marriage; same-sex Malthusian Catastrophe: When the means of sustenance do not meet the population need.
54
Neo-malthusian
Follows central principles of Malthusian theory, but advocates for population control.
55
Age
Can be chronicled from birth to death, however some cultures include the period of gestation. Has social and biological components.
56
Stable populations
An even distribution of ages.
57
Gender schema theory
Study of how gender roles become socialized in society
58
Transgender
Individuals with a gender identity that is distinct from their biological sex.
59
Race
Description of a social group based on shared characteristics. Often shared biological/genetic traits.
60
Ethnicicty
61
Ethnogenesis
Social process resulting in the creation of new ethnicities.
62
Racial formation perspective
Michael Omi and Howard Winat. Describes how race is a fluid social construct enforced through macro and micro processes. Argues that biological differences would be meaningless without social constructs.
63
Racialization of Ethnicization
A social process by which dominant groups ascribe racial or ethnic identities.
64
Sexual Orientation
Targets of personal romantic interest. Three main: hetero, homo, bi
65
Pansexual
Attracted to people irrespective of sex
66
Kinsey Hetero-homo scale
Scale from 0 - 6, with hetero being 0 and 6 being homo

Psychology (9 decks)

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