PSYCH CH 13

Question 1

deterrence view

Answer 1

the belief that signs of weakness will be exploited by the opponent and that leaders need to show their willingness to use military force

Question 2

public goods dilemma

Answer 2

a situation in which

• the whole group can benefit if some of the individuals give something for the common good but
• individuals profit from “free riding” if enough others contribute

Question 3

perceptual dilemma

Answer 3

the combination of a social dilemma and an out group bias, in which each side in a conflict believes that it is best for both sides to cooperate, while simultaneously believing that the other side would prefer that “we” cooperated while “they” defected

Question 4

market based policy

Answer 4

an offer of rewards to those who reduce their socially harmful behaviors

Question 5

GRIT (graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction)

Answer 5

a strategy for breaking conflict spirals by publicly challenging the opponent to match de-escalations

Question 6

individualist

Answer 6

someone oriented toward maximizing personal gains, without regard to rest of the group

Question 7

time series analysis

Answer 7

a method in which two or more recurring events are examined for linkages over time

Question 8

command and control policy

Answer 8

a prescriptive legal regulation that uses police power to punish violators

Question 9

sliding reinforcer

Answer 9

a stimulus that brings rewards in small doses, which change to punishments when they occur in large doses

Question 10

replenishing resource management dilemma

Answer 10

a situation in which group members share a renewable resource that will continue to produce benefits if group members do not over harvest it but also whereby any single individual profits from harvesting as much as possible

Question 11

altruist

Answer 11

someone oriented toward bringing the group benefits, even if it means personal sacrifice

Question 12

xenophobia

Answer 12

fear and distrust of foreigners

Question 13

integrative complexity

Answer 13

the extent to which a person demonstrates simplified “black and white” categorical thinking as opposed to acknowledgement of all sides of an issue

Question 14

tit for tat strategy

Answer 14

a negotiating tactic in which the individual responds to competitiveness with competitiveness and to cooperation with cooperation

Question 15

voluntarist policy

Answer 15

an appeal to peoples intrinsic sense of social responsibility

Question 16

cooperator

Answer 16

someone oriented toward working together to maximize the joint benefits to the self and the group

Question 17

conflict spiral view

Answer 17

the belief that escalations of international threat lead to an opponent to feel more threatened and that leaders should thus demonstrate peaceful intentions to reduce the opponents own defensive hostilities

Question 18

competitor

Answer 18

someone oriented to come out relatively better than other players, regardless of whether personal winnings are high or low in an absolute sense

Question 19

social dilemma

Answer 19

a situation in which an individual profits from selfishness unless everyone chooses the selfish alternative, in which case the whole group loses

Question 20

social trap

Answer 20

a situation in which individuals or groups are drawn toward immediate rewards that later prove to have unpleasant or lethal consequences