PCYCH CH 11

Question 1

intrinsic religiosity

Answer 1

an orientation to religion in which people attempt to internalize its teachings, seeing religiosity as an end in and of itself

Question 2

perceived outgroup homogeneity

Answer 2

the phenomenon of overestimating the extent to which members within other groups are similar to each other

Question 3

prejudice

Answer 3

a generalized attitude toward members of a social groups

Question 4

stereotyping

Answer 4

the process of categorizing an individual as a member of a particular group and then inferring that he or she possesses the characteristics generally held by members of that groups

Question 5

extrinsic religiosity

Answer 5

an orientation toward religion that sees it as a means of gaining other things in value, such as friendships, status, or comfort

Question 6

stereotype

Answer 6

generalized belief about members of social groups

Question 7

authoritarianism

Answer 7

the tendency to submit to those having greater authority and to denigrate those having less authority

Question 8

ingroup bias

Answer 8

the tendency to benefit members of ones own groups over members of other groups

Question 9

minimal intergroup paradigm

Answer 9

an experimental procedure in which short term, arbitrary group are created to explore the foundations of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination

Question 10

disidentify

Answer 10

to reduce in ones mind the relevance of a particular domain (e.g. academic achievement) to ones self esteem

Question 11

scapegoating

Answer 11

the process of blaming members of other groups for ones frustrations and failures

Question 12

social identity

Answer 12

the beliefs and feelings we have toward the groups to which we see ourselves belonging

Question 13

realistic group conflict theory

Answer 13

the proposal that intergroup conflict, and negative prejudices and stereotypes, emerge out of actual competition between groups for desired resources

Question 14

stereotype threat

Answer 14

the fear that one might confirm the negative stereotypes held by others about ones group

Question 15

social dominance orientation

Answer 15

the extent to which a person desires that his or her own group dominate other groups and be socially and materially superior to them

Question 16

discrimination

Answer 16

behaviors directed toward people on the basis of their group membership

Question 17

quest religiosity

Answer 17

an orientation to religion that sees it as a journey taken to understand complex spiritual and more issues usually accompanied by a belief that quick, simple answers are wrong

Question 18

reducing stereotype threats

Answer 18

1. humor (reduces anxiety associated with threat)
2. role models (who contract and stereotype)
3. simply learning about stereotypes
4. believing you can improve thru hard work (self-efficiency)

Question 19

fundamentalism

Answer 19

certainty in the absolute truth of one`s religious beliefs

• more judgmental
• believed correct and everyone else is wrong

Question 20

ignorance hypothesis

Answer 20

claims that negative stereotypes and prejudice are due to sheer ignorance

Question 21

goals hypothesis

Answer 21

claims that prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination serve important goals for many people