PCYCH CH 11 Flashcards
intrinsic religiosity
an orientation to religion in which people attempt to internalize its teachings, seeing religiosity as an end in and of itself
perceived outgroup homogeneity
the phenomenon of overestimating the extent to which members within other groups are similar to each other
prejudice
a generalized attitude toward members of a social groups
stereotyping
the process of categorizing an individual as a member of a particular group and then inferring that he or she possesses the characteristics generally held by members of that groups
extrinsic religiosity
an orientation toward religion that sees it as a means of gaining other things in value, such as friendships, status, or comfort
stereotype
generalized belief about members of social groups
authoritarianism
the tendency to submit to those having greater authority and to denigrate those having less authority
ingroup bias
the tendency to benefit members of ones own groups over members of other groups
minimal intergroup paradigm
an experimental procedure in which short term, arbitrary group are created to explore the foundations of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination
disidentify
to reduce in ones mind the relevance of a particular domain (e.g. academic achievement) to ones self esteem
scapegoating
the process of blaming members of other groups for ones frustrations and failures
social identity
the beliefs and feelings we have toward the groups to which we see ourselves belonging
realistic group conflict theory
the proposal that intergroup conflict, and negative prejudices and stereotypes, emerge out of actual competition between groups for desired resources
stereotype threat
the fear that one might confirm the negative stereotypes held by others about ones group
social dominance orientation
the extent to which a person desires that his or her own group dominate other groups and be socially and materially superior to them
discrimination
behaviors directed toward people on the basis of their group membership
quest religiosity
an orientation to religion that sees it as a journey taken to understand complex spiritual and more issues usually accompanied by a belief that quick, simple answers are wrong
reducing stereotype threats
- humor (reduces anxiety associated with threat)
- role models (who contract and stereotype)
- simply learning about stereotypes
- believing you can improve thru hard work (self-efficiency)
fundamentalism
certainty in the absolute truth of one`s religious beliefs
- more judgmental
- believed correct and everyone else is wrong
ignorance hypothesis
claims that negative stereotypes and prejudice are due to sheer ignorance
goals hypothesis
claims that prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination serve important goals for many people