PSYCH CH 10

Question 1

excitation-transfer theory

Answer 1

the theory that anger is physiologically similar to other emotional states and that any form of emotional arousal can enhance aggressive responses

Question 2

meta-analysis

Answer 2

a statistical combination of results from different studies of the same topic

Question 3

type A behavior pattern

Answer 3

a group of personality characteristics, including time-ugency and competitiveness, that is associated with higher risk for coronary disease

Question 4

cognitive neoassociation theory

Answer 4

theory that any unpleasant situation triggers a complex chain of internal events, including negative emotions and negative thoughts. Depending on other cues in the situation (such as weapons), these negative feelings will be expressed as either aggressive or flight

Question 5

indirect aggression

Answer 5

behavior intended to hurt someone without face to face confrontation

Question 6

effect/danger ratio

Answer 6

assessment of the likely beneficial effect of aggressiveness balanced against the likely dangers

Question 7

sexual selection

Answer 7

a form of natural selection favoring characteristics that assist animals in attracting mates or in competing with members of their own sex

Question 8

catharsis

Answer 8

discharge of aggressive impulses

Question 9

social learning theory

Answer 9

theory that aggression is learned thru direct reward or by watching others being rewarded for aggressiveness

Question 10

frustration aggression hypothesis reformulated

Answer 10

the theory that any unpleasant stimulation will lead to emotional aggression to the extent that it generates unpleasant feelings

Question 11

frustration aggression hypothesis (original)

Answer 11

the theory that aggression is an automatic response to any blocking of goal directed behavior

Question 12

defensive attributional style

Answer 12

a tendency to notice threats and to interpret other peoples behavior as intended to do one harm

Question 13

weapon effect

Answer 13

the tendency for weapons, such as guns, to enhance aggressive thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 14

displacement

Answer 14

indirect expression of an aggressive impulse away from the person or animal that elicited it

Question 15

differential parental investment

Answer 15

the principle that animals making higher investment in their offspring (female as compared to male mammals, for instance) will be ore careful in choosing mates

Question 16

culture of honor

Answer 16

a set of societal norms whose central idea is that people (particularly men) should be ready to defend their honor with violent retaliation if necessary

Question 17

assertiveness

Answer 17

behavior intended to express dominance or confidence

Question 18

aggression

Answer 18

behavior intended to injure another

Question 19

relative deprivation

Answer 19

the feeling that one has less than the others to whom one compares oneself

Question 20

direct aggression

Answer 20

behavior intended to hurt someone to his or her face

Question 21

emotional aggression

Answer 21

hurtful behavior that stems from angry feelings

Question 22

instrumental aggression

Answer 22

hurting another to accomplish some other (nonaggressive) goal

Question 23

psychopath

Answer 23

individual characterized by impulsivity, irresponsibility, low empathy, and lack of sensitivity to punishment. such individuals are inclined toward acting violently for personal gain

Question 24

unpleasant

Answer 24

• negative feelings lead to angry thoughts and associations which leads to fight (face with aggression)
• negative feelings lead to fearful thoughts and associations which leads to flight (avoid and escape)