Psych 221 Ch. 2 Flashcards
Motivation
the force that moves people toward desired outcomes.
Goal
a desired outcome; something one wishes to achieve or accomplish.
Motive
a high-level goal fundamental to social survival.
Attention
The process of consciously focusing on aspects of our environment or ourselves.
Automatically
the ability of a behavior or cognitive process to operate without conscious guidance once its into motion.
Willpower
the self-control strength used to overcome counterproductive impulses to achieve different goals.
Exemplar
a mental rep of a specific episode, event, or individual.
Schema
a mental rep capturing the general characteristics of a particular class of episodes, events, or individuals.
Priming
the process of activating knowledge or goals, of making them ready for use.
Chronically Accessible
the state of being easily activated, or primed, for use.
Attitudes
favorable or unfavorable evaluations of a particular person, object, event, or idea.
Emotions
relatively intense feelings characterized by physiological arousal and complex cognitions.
Moods
relatively long-lasting feelings that are diffuse and not directed toward particular targets.
Counterfactual Thinking
the process of imagining alternative “might have been” versions of actual events.
Self-Concept
a mental rep capturing our views and beliefs about ourselves.
Self-Esteem
our attitudes toward ourselves.
Social Comparison
the process thru which people come to know themselves by comparing their abilities, attitudes, and beliefs with those of others.
Reflected Appraisal Process
the process thru which people come to know themselves by observing or imagining how others view them.
Self-Perception Process
the process thru which people observe their own behavior to infer internal characteristics such as traits, abilities, and attitudes.
Self-Regulation
the process thru which people select, monitor, and adjust their strategies in an attempt to reach their goals.
Self-Presentation
the process thru which we try to control the impressions people form of us.
Affordance
an opportunity or threat provided by a situation.
Descriptive Norm
a norm that defines what is commonly done in a situation.
Pluralistic Ignorance
the phenomenon in which people in a group misperceive the beliefs of others bc everyone acts inconsistently with their beliefs.
