Psych Flashcards
tranference
patient projects feelings onto physician
countertransference
doctor projects feelings onto patient
acting out
- expressing feelings and thoughts through actions
- example: tantrums
denial
- avoiding the awareness of some painful reality
- example: keep working while sick
displacement
- redirection of emotions or impulses to neutral person or object (vs projection)
- example: criticizing some else when they did nothing
dissociation
- drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness, or behavior to avoid emotional stress, leads to lack of memory
- example: abuse victim is numb and detatched
fixation
- partially remaining at more childish level of development (vs regression)
- example: surgeon throws a tantrum
idealization
- expressing extremely positive thoughts of self while ignoring negative thoughts
- example: boasting about physician while ignoring flaws
identification
- largely unconscious assumptions of the characteristics, qualities, or traits of another person or group
- example: behaving like a favorite person
intellectualization
- using facts and logic to emotionally distance from stress
- example: focusing on rates of survival of cancer
isolation (of affect)
- separating feelings from ideas and events
- example: describing murder with no emotional response
passive aggression
- hostile feelings in a non-confrontational manner
- example: disgruntled employee is always late on purpose
projection
- attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source (vs displacement)
- example: a man who cheats accuses his wife of being unfaithful
rationalization
- proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons, avoiding self-blame
- example: after getting fired, saying job wasn’t important
reaction formation
- replacing a warded-off idea or feeling by an (unconsciously derived) emphasis on this opposite (vs sublimation)
- example: a patient addicted to sex joins a monestary
regression
- involuntary going back to earlier modes of dealing with world (vs fixation)
- example: child under stress begins bedwetting again
repression
- involuntary withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness (vs suppression)
- example: not remember going to counseling during divorce
splitting
- believing people are all good or all bad, seen in borderline personality
- example: nurses are cold and doctors are warm
mature defenses
sublimation, altruism, suppression, humor
sublimation
- replacing an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar but does not conflict with values
- example: taking anger out on something else
altruism
- alleviating negative feelings by doing good
- example: mafia boss makes donation to charity
suppression
- intentionally withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness (vs repression)
- example: not worrying about big game
humor
- finding funny in anxious situation
- example: nervous students joke about the boards
child abuser is usually
biological mother, male if sexual
vulnerable child syndrome
- at risk to illness or injury after life threatening event
ADHD
- limited attention span, poor impulse control
- inattention in multiple settings
- normal intelligence
- treat with stimulants, CBT
autism spectrum
- poor social interactions
- repetitive, restricted interests
- maybe savants
- associated with increase heads size
Rett syndrome
- X linked dominant in girls
- MECP2 mutation
- loss of development, verbal abilities, hand wringing
conduct disorder
- violating rights and social norms
- at 18 = antisocial personality disorder
oppositional defiant disorder
- hostile or defiant behavior toward authority
separation anxiety disorder
- fear of separation
- leads to made up excuses to miss school
tourette syndrome
- tics that last for more than 1 year
- coprolalia - 10-20% of patients
- OCD and ADHD
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
- before 10
- severe and recurrent temper outbursts
- angry and irritable
order of loss of orientation
time - place - person
korsakoff syndrome
- anterograde amnesia
- thiamine deficiency
- destruction of mammillary bodies
dissociative amnesia
- can’t recall personal information
- fugue state
- associated with trauma
dissociative identity disorder
- multiple personality disorder
- more in women
- history of abuse, PTSD, depression, others
delirium
- reversible
- usually caused by something else
- common in hospital setting
dementia
- irreversible memory loss, decrease in intellectual functioning
maskers of dementia
hypothyroidism and depression in elderly, neurosyphilis
hypnagogic hallucinations
occurs while going to sleep
hypnopompic
occurs while waking from sleep
schizophrenia
- lasts more than 6 months
- psychosis, disturbed behavior and thought, decline in functioning
- more dopamine, less dendritic branching
- cannabis in teens
- ventriculomegaly
diagnosis criteria for schizophrenia
- greater than 6 months
1. delusions
2. hallucinations (auditory)
3. disorganized speech
4. disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. negative symptoms
brief psychotic disorder
- lasting less than 1 month, usually stress related
schizophreniform disorder
- lasting 1-6 months
schizoaffective disorder
- meets criteria for schizophrenia and major mood disorder
- must have psychotic features for more than 2 weeks
delusional disorder
- fixed, persistent, false belief lasting longer than 1 month
- normal functioning
- shared by couples
mood disorder
- abnormal range of mood or internal emotional states
- stress in social and occupational functioning
- includes major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, cyclothymic disorder
manic episode
- lasting more than 1 week
- requires hospitalization or
Distractibility
Irresponsibility (hedonism)
Grandiosity - high self esteem
Flight of ideas
Activity/Agitation
Sleep (less need)
Talkativeness
hypomanic episode
- last 4 days
- no impairment in functioning or need for hospital
bipolar
1 - one manic episode and or hypomanic/depressive episode
- hypomanic and depressive episode
- use modd stabilizers
cyclothymic disorder
- mild bipolar lasting two years
- fluctuating between mild depressive and hypomanic symptoms
major depressive disorder
- lasting greater than 2 weeks
- depressed mood
Sleep disturbance
Interest (loss of)
Guilt
Energy loss
Concentration
Appetite
Psychomotor
Suicidal idealtions
persistent depressive disorder
- depression lasting at least 2 years
depression with atypical features
- mood reactivity
- reversed vegetative symptoms
leaden paralysis
interpersonal rejection sensitivity
generalized anxiety disorder
lasting more than 6 months
- unrelated to specifics
adjustment disorder
- emotional symptoms that occur within 3 months of stressor
- lasts less than 6 months (if more, it is GAD)
personality clusters
A: Weird
B: Wild
C: Worried
paranoid
type A
- distrust (accusatory) and suspiciousness of others
- cynical
schizoid
type A
- voluntary social withdrawal
- limited expression
- content with social isolation
schizotypal
type A
- eccentric appearance, odd thoughts
- magical thinking
- interpersonal awkwardness
antisocial
type B
- lack of remorse, criminality, impulsivity
- conduct disorder before 18
borderline
type B
- unstable, impulsive, suicidality
- sense of emptiness
- splitting
histroinic
type B
- excessive excitability
- attention seeking, sexually provocative
- concerned with appearance
narcissistic
type B
- sense of entitlement
- lacks empathy, requires excessive admiration
- demands the best, reacts with rage
avoidant
type C
- hypersensitive to rejection
- inhibited and timid
- desires relationships
obsessive compulsive
type C
- order, perfectionism and control
- ego-syntonic
- consistent with own beliefs (vs OCD)
dependent
type C
- submissive and lingy
- need to be taken care of
- low self confidence
malingering
consciously fakes to get secondary gain
factitious disorder
consciously fakes to get primary gain
factitious disorder imposed on self
Munchausen
factitious disorder imposed on another
Munchausen by proxy
somatic symptom disorder
- bodily complaints for months to years
- associated with anxiety
conversion disorder
- loss of sensory or motor function, followed by acute stressor
- la belle indifference
cause of narcolepsy
decreased hypocretin (orexin) in hypothalamus
cataplexy
loss of all muscle tone following strong emotional stimulus, like laughter
