Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

First Aid > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

rostral fold closure defect

A

sternal defect (ectopic cordis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gastroschisis

A

abdominal contents through folds, not covered by anything

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

omphalocele

A

protrusion of abdominal contents, covered by peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

jejunal and ileal atresia

A

from disruption of mesenteric vessels - ischemic necrosis - segmental resorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

exposure risk in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ventral pancreatic buds form

A

uncinate process and main pancreatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

dorsal pancreatic bud forms…

A

body, tail, isthmus, and accessory duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

spleen embryonic origin…

A

mesentery of stomach, has foregut supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

retroperitoneal structures

A 
Suprarenal glands
Aorta
Duodenum
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (descending/ascending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

falciform ligament

A

connects liver to anterior abdominal wall

- contains ligamentum teres hepatis (remnants of umbilical vein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hepatoduodenal ligament

A

connects liver to duodenum

- contains portal triad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gastrohepatic ligament

A

connects liver to lesser curvature of stomach

- contains gastric arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

layers of gut wall

A

mucosa - epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
submucosa - contains Meissner
muscularis externa - myenteric (Auerbach plexus)
serosa or adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

erosions

A

mucosa only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

brunner glands

A

secrete bicarb in duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

paneth cells

A

in duodenum, secrete defensins and lysozymes and TNF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

plicae circulares

A

mostly in jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

histology of colon

A

abundant goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what causes SMA syndrome

A

decrease in mesenteric fat (low body weight and poor nutrition) - blockage of third part of duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

parasympathetic innervation of gut

A

first 2/3 = vagus

last 1/3 = pelvic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

branches of celiac artery

A

left gastric, common hepatic, splenic

22
Q

posterior duodenal ulcers penetrate…

A

gastroduodenal artery

23
Q

three veins involved in portal HTN

A
  • left gastric to azygous
  • paraumbilical to epigastric
  • superior rectal to middle/inferior rectal
24
Q

TIPS

A

shunt blood from portal vein to hepatic vein

25
Q

venous drainage from above anal pectinate line

A

superior rectal vein to inferior mesenteric to splenic to portal (can cause internal hemorroids

26
Q

arterial supply from anus above pectinate line

A

superior rectal artery

27
Q

location of anal fissures

A

posterior - poorly perfused

28
Q

hepatic stellate cells

A

store vitamin A and product ECM

29
Q

things affecting liver zone 1

A
  • viral hepatitis

- ingested toxins

30
Q

things affecting liver zone II

A

yellow fever

31
Q

things affecting liver zone III

A

ischemia
p450
metabolic toxins
alcoholic hepatitis

32
Q

mnemonic for remembering spermaticord

A

ICE tie

  • internal spermatic fascia - transversalis fascia
  • cremasteric muscle and fascia - internal oblique
  • external fascia - external oblique
33
Q

indirect inguinal hernia

A

lateral to inferior epigastric arteries, failure of processus vaginalis to close

34
Q

direct inguinal hernia

A

through hasselbachs triangle - medial to inferior epigastric arteries, lateral to rectus abdominis

35
Q

hesselbach triangle

A

inferior epigastric arteries, rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament

36
Q

gastrin

A
  • secreted by G cells
  • increased H+ and stomach motility
  • release from GRP, stomach distension, contents, decrease with high acid
  • large increase in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
37
Q

somatostatin

A
  • secreted by D cells in pancreas
  • decreases secretion of everything
  • secreted with high acid and low vagal stimulation
  • octreotide = analog
38
Q

octreotide

A

analog of somatostatin

39
Q

CCK

A
  • secreted by I cells in small bowel
  • increase in pancreatic secretion, gallbladder contraction, oddi relaxation
  • secreted b/c fatty acid and amino acids
  • acts on muscarinic pathways
40
Q

secretin

A
  • secreted by S cells in duodenum
  • increases pancreatic bicarb, decrease stomach acid, increased bile secretion
  • caused by acid in lumen of duodenum
  • allows enzymes to function
41
Q

GIP (glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide)

A
  • K cells in duodenum
  • decreases H secretion and increases insulin release
  • increased by acids and glucose
  • oral glucose leads to higher insulin because of this
42
Q

VIP

A
  • leads to relaxation of smooth muscles and sphincters

- increase in intestinal water and electrolyte secretion

43
Q

NO

A

relaxation of LES, implicated in achalasia

44
Q

ghrelin

A

hunger hormone, increased in Prader-Willi, decreased in gastric bypass

45
Q

intrinsic factor

A

secreted by parietal cells, leads to B12 absorption in terminal ileum

46
Q

pepsin

A

secreted by chief cells in stomach, starts protein digestion

47
Q

low vs high flow of pancreas

A 
low = high Cl-
high = high bicarb
48
Q

glucose and fructose absorption

A

glucose - SGLT1 (Na dependent)

fructose - facilitated diffusion by GLUT2

49
Q

iron is absorbed in…

A

duodenum

50
Q

folate is absorbed in…

A

small bowel

51
Q

b12 is absorbed in…

A

terminal ileum, along with bile salts

52
Q

menetrier disease

A

hyperplasia of gastric mucosa, hypertrophied rugae, too much mucus, parietal cell atrophy with less acid production
- precancerous

First Aid (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions