psych 2ap3- sept 26th Flashcards
How does vigosky’s theory differ from piaget?
Vigosky’s theory puts a greater emphasis on the social nature of humans (role of language)
What is the difference between how vigosky vs Piaget view private speech? (speaking to oneself)
vigosky: self-directed speech helps to guide behaviour
piaget: private speech is ecocentrism (person is speaking to themself only from their own perspective)
Are those who use private speech more, more socially competent?
yes, it is a prediction
what is today’s sociocultural context in terms of smartphones/social media
MANY children, even kids from 5-7 years using smartphones and social media
What is the association between hyppocampal volume and SES
Lower SES= lower volume of hippocampus in CHILDREN
How does lower volume of hippocampus effect intelligence?
It impacts visually and auditory cortex
What are some adverse effects from being low SES that impact the hippocampus volume?
stress, ( prenatal stress)
What does the hippocampus volume only being effected by low ses in childhood suggest
That being low SES has the greatest impact as a child
Why does SES play a greater role during child hood?
During childhood, a child’s home is all they now, but as they grow up, they have many other interactions beyond their own home, allowing hippocampus development
How is brain activity when doing something task-related measured?
Brain activity during task- brain activity at rest= brain activity during task
In the a-not-b task, how was brain activity measured in the infants?
EEG (electroencephalogram) and measured heart rate
What was the association of EEG/ heart activity with working memory task? (a not b task)
For 10 month-old baby infants, changes in EEG and heart activity correlated with the working memory task
Why wasn’t this measured in the 5-month old infants?
5-month old babies do not have object permanence
What can we learn by studying these activation patterns from the working task experiment?
We can determine individual differences between babies and also determine how the brain becomes more specialized with age
In 10-month olds, what electrodes (brain areas) predicted performance?
Medial frontal and lateral frontal electrodes
In older children, what waves are activated by prolonged cognitive engagement? (predicting colour/imitating task)
Theta waves
If the task is more difficult for 4 year olds, what parts of the brain are activated?
Left, front-temporal brain area
What is visual adaptation?
Brain tries to adapt to a sudden new change, sometimes if there is a sudden different change, it may not adapt properly and people may see previous image (eg: way lines and straight line)
Why is it with adulthood, our brain is better at adapting?
Because with adulthood, we have better object permanence (ability to understand different viewpoint of an object) so our brain doesn’t really need to adapt
What is the pattern of brain adaption with age?
With increasing age, there is stronger adaption to the same object despite changes in viewpoint
Role of lateral occipital cortex?
Object permanence (ability to understand different viewpoints)
What do we call it when the brain is at rest?
Default mode network
Wet parts of the brain are activated during the default mode network?
Many areas: including the frontal, posterior midline and inferior parietal areas
Since so many areas work together/are activated at the same time, what could this suggest?
That humans have superior intelligence because so many of our brain parts work together
