psych 2ap3- biological bases and evolution (week1)

Question 1

How many molecules of dna does 1 chromosome carry?

Answer 1

Each chromosome (46) carry’s one dna molecule

Question 2

What is a gene

Answer 2

the smallest unit of biochemical instructions in DNA

Question 3

From the 46 chromosomes humans have, how many genes are encoded for?

Answer 3

25,000 genes

Question 4

What percentage accounts for individual differences in humans?

Answer 4

less then 1%

Question 5

Which chromosome dictates whether the fetus is male or female

Answer 5

chromosome 23

Question 6

How many base pairs of the 3 billion do 2 people (humans) differ by

Answer 6

2-3 million (only 0.1% of dna difference)

Question 7

What is the dna difference between humans and chimpanzees?

Answer 7

Only 1%

Question 8

Why doesn’t genetic studies align with the contract of race?

Answer 8

Of the 0.1% difference between humans, 85-90% is found within old continents such as Asia, Africa, and Europe and 10-15% is found between continents

Question 9

Is geographic region a dictator for how similar genes will be amongst a population?

Answer 9

No, although sometimes individuals will cluster based on their regions, this is not always the case

Question 10

Provide an example of a gene in which people from different continents are more similar to each other than different continents

Answer 10

Angiotensionegen (AGT gene involved in regulating blood pressure)

Question 11

What does the similarities in AGT gene amongst different different regions raise question about?

Answer 11

brings into question medical practices based on the race of patients

Question 12

What is sickle-cell disease

Answer 12

when red-blood cells are sickle shaped

Question 13

What is the effect of sickle-shaped cells

Answer 13

the cells cannot pass through capillaries and blocks passage of white blood cells

Question 14

What are symptoms of sickle-cell disease

Answer 14

fatigue, prone to infection, acute pain

Question 15

is sickle cell disease recessive or dominant

Answer 15

recessive

Question 16

If sickle-cell disease is recessive, why is it still passed through generations?

Answer 16

In regions where the risk of malaria is high, a heterozygous individual with an allele for sickle-cell disease will have higher survival rate

Question 17

What are the characteristics of Down syndrome?

Answer 17

• distinct facial features
• mental and motor delays

Question 18

Which chromosome in Down syndrome is there an extra of?

Answer 18

chromosome 21

Question 19

What is evolution

Answer 19

The process of change in gene frequencies over many generations

Question 20

What is natural selection

Answer 20

environmental conditions allow some members of the species to survive and pass on their genes to future generations, while others do not

Question 21

What is an example of evolution

Answer 21

peppered moth example
pre-industrial revolution: mostly white
post-industrial revolution: mostly black

Question 22

What is the correlation between genes and the environment?

Answer 22

genes selected by evolutionary pressures depend on the environment in which our ancestors were living

Question 23

What type of distribution does polygenetic inheritance cause?

Answer 23

Normal distribution

Question 24

Examples of being maximally adaptive at a stage of development?

Answer 24

• infants poor visual acquity
• toddlers clinigness
• risky behaviours from adolescents

Question 25

Heritability/inherentence dependant on?

Answer 25

Genetics only, not environment