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Psych 2ap3 > Psych 2ap3- sept 18th > Flashcards

Psych 2ap3- sept 18th Flashcards

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1
Q

How does the human body develop?

A

The head grows really fast but stops growing as body starts to grow
- also: eyes and brain grow faster then the jaw

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2
Q

What do differences in height and weight depend on?

A

Both genetics and environment

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3
Q

What are some environmental factors?

A

Being low ses, rural community, not the first child

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4
Q

What has the biggest impact on height/weight?

A

nutrition supply

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5
Q

What is puberty

A

Rapid hormonal and physical changes in early adolescence as body prepares for reproduction

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6
Q

When do girls start puberty?

A

10-14 years being pushed back 3-4 months every decade. current average=12.5 years

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7
Q

When do boys start puberty?

A

12-16 years

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8
Q

What organs control puberty

A

Hypothalamus, pitiuiry gland, and gonads (sex glands)

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9
Q

What hormones control puberty?

A

Androgen (testosterone) and estrogen

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10
Q

Are hormones really the reason for girl’s behaviour/mood swings?

A

Not really, social factors accounted for 2-4x a greater role in girls depression and anger

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11
Q

What impact does stress cause?

A

Increases cortisol, impacts endocrine system

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12
Q

Is behaviour determined by the amount of hormones in the blood?

A

No, because everyone has individual differences in number of receptors, re-uptake in synapse, and cascading effects

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13
Q

What is brain plasticity

A

Neural activation patterns and synapses are plastic- they can adapt to new challenges, especially earlier in development

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14
Q

What is an example of brain plasticity

A

Michael Rehbein: left hemisphere removed at age 7, by 14 years his brain reorganized itself so that speech would happen from the right side (usually its from the left)

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15
Q

What is visual agnosia

A

Difficulty recognizing objects

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16
Q

What happened in the case with the patient with visual agnosia?

A

Vision was fine, but due to good hemisphere being weakened, the better hemisphere was also weakened (less activation, and leisons)

17
Q

What disorder did visual agnosia lead to in this patient?

A

Prosopagnosia

18
Q

What part/feature of the brain synapse’s first?

A

Visual cortex

19
Q

What part of the brain synapses last?

A

Prefrontal cortex

20
Q

Where does pruning occur the slowest?what does this mean

A

Prefrontal cortex pruning is the slowest (takes humans longer to be able to make rational and logical decisions)

21
Q

Why do adolescents act based on emotions then rationality?

A

The amygdala (emotional processing) matures must faster then the prefrontal cortex (reasoning)

22
Q

How does cortical thickness change?

A

It will thicken, but slowly at a decreasing rate, and then start thinning

23
Q

What brain part thins?

A

Prefrontal cortex

24
Q

What happens in prenatal development?

A

formation of neutrons, dendrites and synapse’s

25
Q

When does cortical thicken?

A

Childhood and adolescence: more myelination

26
Q

When does the cortical thin?

A

Adolescence: usage-dependant pruning of synapse’s

27
Q

If a person’s brain can change the most (increased myelination vs pruning) what do they signify?

A

High IQ

28
Q

Who gets REM sleep the most? the least?

A

most: babies
least: as you grow older (eg: 20 year olds)

29
Q

What is REM sleep

A

Rapid-eye-movements phase of sleep

30
Q

What happens during REM sleep?

A

Information processing (brain organizing daily experiences and storing information)

31
Q

Is sleep the same for everyone?

A

No there are individual differences in sleep (some people could still benefit even after being REM sleep deprived)

32
Q

What is SIDS

A

Sudden infant death syndrome (baby stops breathing)

33
Q

Associations of SIDS? (NOT CAUSES)

A

sleep apnea, lower SES, co-sleeping, abnormal serotonin, maternal smoking, heart arrhythmias, low birth weight infants

34
Q

What to do to prevent SIDS?

A

use a crib until 6 months, law on back

Psych 2ap3 (16 decks)

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