Psych 2ap3- oct 2nd

Question 1

How was cognitive flexibility measured?

Answer 1

Child-friendly stoop task

Question 2

What is the child-friendly stoop task?

Answer 2

They will show a picture of something (eg: a cat, and then make a noise (eg: meow) and the child has to connect that sound to a given picture by the sound, not picture

Question 3

How were irritability and cognitive flexibility associated?

Answer 3

Irritibility and cognitive flexibility were not directly correlated. Just because someone is irritable, that does not mean they are going to do bad on the stoop task

Question 4

What was correlated in the troop task?

Answer 4

The neural activation of (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and irritability were positively correlated. Cognitive flexibility was also associated with neural activation (more active cortex= better cognitive flexibility)

Question 5

Why do humans move?

Answer 5

As a means to solve a solution

Question 6

What is the general pattern for posture for humans (how long it takes to support themselves)

Answer 6

2 months: head erect
6-7 months: sit independently
8-9 months: pull one self up
10-12 months: stand alone
Very variable

Question 7

What are fine motor skills?

Answer 7

fine-tuned movements requiring finger dexterity

Question 8

When/how do fine motor skills start?

Answer 8

0-2 years, grasping and reading for objects

Question 9

In terms of fine motor skills, what can children around 18-24 months of age do?

Answer 9

Build towers

Question 10

How was William James vs Piaget’s view on newborn perception different?

Answer 10

William James: baby feels sensations all at once, very confusing
Piaget: sensations by baby are impoverished, they try to piece together information using their senses (try to distinguish familiar senses vs non familiar senses)

Question 11

what are the 4 ways in which babies’ sensory and perception is tested?

Answer 11

1. operant conditioning
2. preference paradigm
3. violation of expectations paradigm
4. habituation/dishabituation

Question 12

How was visual acuity and contrast sensitivity measured in new borns and what paradigm was this?

Answer 12

Grey-bar experiment, preference paradigm (should prefer grey bars over a blank grey square)

Question 13

What was found through the grey bar experiment/what factors were tested?

Answer 13

visual acuity in new borns 30x worse than adults and contrast sensitivity is 20-25x worse

Question 14

What are new born vision deficits?

Answer 14

• visual acuity
• contrast sensitivity
• convergence
  -coordination
• colour perception

Question 15

What can new borns actually tell/see?

Answer 15

Facial contours

Question 16

Why do babies like looking at faces?

Answer 16

They like when there is more stuff at the top then bottom (top-heavy preference)

Question 17

How do newborns like attractiveness?

Answer 17

they liked “average” features, stared longer at the same faces adults found more attractive