psych 127b lecture 14 Flashcards
schizophrenia statistics
-one percent of the population
-10-15 percent of homeless population
-50 percent have drug addiction
-10 percent die of suicide
psychosis
loss of touch with reality
what is the difference between schizophrenia and multiple personality disorder
what is the clinical description of schizophrenia
-2 or more specific symptoms
-impairment of work, interpersonal relations, caring for oneself
-continuous signs for six months
-rules out schizoaffective disorder, depression, psychotic bipolar
-no other reasons for symptoms
negative symptoms
decrease in emotional range, poverty of speech, and loss of interest/drive, avolition
positive symptoms
hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior
persecutary hallucinations
person believes that their being tormented or targeted
referential hallucinations
certain environmental cues directed at them (specifically from media)
bizarre hallucinations
implausible hallucinations, doesn’t derive from life experiences
catatonic motor behavior
-decrease in reactivity to the environment
-rigid posture and resisting effort to be moved
affective flattening
restriction of range in emotional expression
alogia
poverty of speech
avolition
decrease in goal directed behavior
onset of schizophrenia in males
late teens
onset of schizophrenia in females
mid twenties
prodrome
signs of illness which precede the fully developed illness
high risk indications of schizophrenia when combined
poorer social functioning, unusual thought content, high genetic risk with decrease in functioning
episodic memory
long term memory regarding events and experiences
semantic memory
accumulated knowledge about the world
hippocampal and temporal network
involved in long term memory
working memory
short term memory for information to complete a short term task
what are the two specific genetic risk factors for schizophrenia
cellular signaling changes and structural brain changes
phenomenology
study of how different treatments treat different phenotypes/symptoms
etiology
study of causes of diseases
pathophysiology
study of the biological mechanisms underlying diseases through treatment using drugs
differential diagnoses of schizophrenia
mania/depression and substance abuse
-main difference is that psychotic symptoms are usually present in schizophrenia outside of mood episodes/psychosis is not mood congruent
thorazine
anti histimine with antipsychotic properties
‘neuroleptic’, causes extreme slowness
what causes psychosis
too much dopamine receptor activity specifically on d2 pathways. this activity causes unwanted inhibition of the thalamus.
what do antipsychotics do
they block d2 receptors therefore decreasing unwanted inhibition of the thalamus
what kind of dopamine activity do we see in the PFC in schizophrenia
too little dopamine (different than too much in striatum)
COMT genotype
modulates early cannabis use as a determinant for psychosis
typicals
d2 antagonists for schizophrenia
mostly reduces positive symptoms not negative
cognitive slowing
tardive dyskinesia and pseudoparkinsonism
atypical antipsychotics
target other receptors, also effective for negative symptoms, diabetes and weight gain incidence
