Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 127B > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

define/explain the significance of PKU

A

-PKU is a disorder in which phenylanine cannot be metabolized and has a negative effect on brain development (causes retardation). PKU is caused by a defect in only one gene (no environmental causes, not polygenic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

treatment for PKU

A

removal of Phenylanine from the diet until development has completed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

polygenic traits

A

-intelligence, behavior, personality are all polygenic
-defined as being caused by the expression of multiple genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how much of a role do genetics generally play in determining psychological disorders?

A

genetics play some role in all psychological disorders, but they only cause 40% of psychological disorders. This means that environmental factors dictate whether or not genetic predisposition will result in a genetic disorder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

-type of multidimensional population model
-argues that genetic predispositions for disorders can increase likelihood
-ALSO argues that predispositions will only lead to a psychological disorder if there are sufficient environmental conditions to “activate” the genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

multidimensional model

A

-model where multiple factors contribute to the outcome of psychological issues
-“cannot be caused out of context or in isolation”????

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gene environment correlation model

A

-argues that the amount of risk genes a person inherits their likeliness to have a psychological disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

main approaches to current understanding of mental illness

A

supernatural, biological, psychological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

supernatural tradition

A

-deviance is the battle between good and evil
-use of trepnation, exorcisms, and witchcraft to explain mental illness and treat mental illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

etiology

A

-use of moon and stars to explain psychological disorders, similar to astrology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

syphillis/neurosyphillis

A

-marks the beginning of the biological tradition
-demonstration of how biological factors can determine psychological problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

-developed germ theory
-led to the identification and treatment of bacterial infections (neurosyphyllis) with antibiotics
-helped in demonstrating how biological factors can determine psychological problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

biological tradition

A

-the understanding of mental illness as a medical disorder
-emphasis on diet, rest, and room temp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

psychological tradition

A

-reflects the change of viewing mental illness as having an environmental, social, and interpersonal context (environmental factors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a psychological disorder?

A

-disturbances in cognition, emotional regulation, and and behavior
-IMPORTANT: Causes personal distress and individual dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Potential areas of individual dysfunction

A

-cognitive(how you think)
-behavioral(how you act)
-emotional(how you feel)

all of these relate to CBT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cultural competance

A

-assessing an individual’s disorder in the context of their culture
-“culture bound sydromes”/ “cultural idioms of distress”

-lack of cultural competance can lead to over and underdiagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Does personal impairment and individual dysfunction appear in all disorders?

A

-No, you can have disorders with no personal impairment but still individual dysfunction (ex. mania)
CAN YOU HAVE DISORDERS WITH NO INDIVIDUAL DYSFUNCTION BUT YES PERSONAL IMPAIRMENT? MASKING?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

categorical approach

A

-population model where a division of individuals w symptoms at a certain threshold determines when intervention is appropriate
-DSM 5 generally follows this approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

dimensional approach

A

-argues that all members of the population have some degree of a disorder
-allows us to focus on causal factors of the disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

characteristics of a good diagnostic test

A

-reliable, valid, standardized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

test-retest

A

-a measure of reliability, ensures that a test produces reliable results if taken twice (assuming nothing significant changed in bw tests)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

inter-rater

A

-measure of reliability, agreement bw two different raters about the results of the same test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

methods of psychological assessment

A

-mental status exam
-clinical interview
-questionaires
-behavioral observations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

mental status exam

A

-gives a broad understanding of the patient, can be used to determine a possible disorder/focus area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

clinical interview

A

-narrows down all different disorders using DSM criteria, ensures every possible disorder is considered

27
Q

questionaires

A

-easy to administer, can result in poor validity (DOUBLE CHECK) if patients are dishonest for any reason

28
Q

purpose of neuroimaging

A

-determining structure and function of different brain areas

29
Q

genetic research techniques

A

-twin studies
-adoption studies
-family studies

30
Q

why are high risk studies useful in determining the genetic component of a disorder?

A

-you have a group of individuals with a similar genetic component but naturally varied environments. If there is a significant genetic component to a disorder, you would see it across the individuals in the longitudinal study

31
Q

monozygotic twins

A

twins with 100% of the same genes

32
Q

dizygotic twins

A

twins which share 50% of their genes (fraternal twins)

33
Q

liability threshold model

A

-based on polygenic inheritence
-says that your liability for a disorder(number of risk genes) are correlated with the phenotypic expression of disorder symptoms
-i.e. more anxiety risk genes means more intense level of anxiety

34
Q

endophenotypes

A

-expression of genes which add to the physiological link between genotype and phenotype
-ex. expression of a new channel in sensory neurons causing a heightened response to environmental threats
-endophenotypes refer to effects on the central nervous system

35
Q

Why is it difficult to narrow down genes which cause different disorders?

A

-Because (according to the endophenotype model), there are various different genes (1a, 1b, etc.) which contribute to various different endophentypes, phenotypes, etc.
-a mosaic of these traits make up a disorder

36
Q

epigenetics

A

when the environment can affect the structure and function of a gene or whether she

37
Q

john hughlings jackson

A

mapped on the brain what section corresponds to what part of the body’s function on the motor cortex

38
Q

brocas aphasia

A

-can understand words but cannot get them out
-nonfluent expressive aphasia

39
Q

wernicke’s aphasia

A

-can speak fluently but words do not make sense to anyone else, they don’t understand others
-fluent receptive aphasia

40
Q

brodman’s regions

A

showed that you can divide the brain up into different areas using the microstructures

41
Q

blood brain barrier

A

-selectively permeable barrier between the cns and circulatory system
-drugs and medications must be able to cross this barrier in order to work

42
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

-circulates via ventricular system
-similar to seawater

43
Q

brainstem

A

-all connections through the body pass through the brainstem
-regulate important basic functions such as walking and breathing

44
Q

jean-dominique bauby

A

-stroke in the brainstem
-mental functions remain in tact but motor functions are gone (paralysis)

45
Q

cerebellum

A

-helps coordinate movements so that they are smooth
-integrates motor, visual, balance-related, and somatosensory info

46
Q

midbrain

A

-contains a dopamine system involved in addiction, schizophrenia, etc.

47
Q

hypothalamus

A

-fight, flight, feeding, mating
-controls pituitary hormone release

48
Q

thalamus

A

gateway to the cortex, all info passes through the thalamus

49
Q

limbic system

A

-memory and emotions
-learning
-contains hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate cortex, anterior thalamus, and mamallian bodies

50
Q

hippocampus

A

-memory
-spatial maps of the environment
-not necessary for forming new skills

51
Q

amygdala

A

-emotional memory
-fear
-interacts w the hippocampus
-disregulation could play an important role for PTSD

52
Q

basal ganglia

A

-important for action selection and motor control
-highly dopaminergic

53
Q

cerebral cortex

A

higher level/complex thinking
-ex. language, memory, reasoning, thought, learning

54
Q

occipital lobe

A

-vision

55
Q

parietal lobe

A

-somatosensation (touch)

56
Q

temporal lobe

A

-hearing and memory

57
Q

frontal lobe

A

-motor control, executive function

58
Q

cingulate

A

-motor control, emotion, attention

59
Q

personality disorder

A

-enduring pattern of inner experience which deviates from the expectations of the individual’s culture in 2 of the following categories;

-cognition, affect, interpersonal function, impulse control
-chronic disorders
-early onset (childhood)

60
Q

odd/eccentric type A

A

-schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid

61
Q

schizoid

A

-“aloof”
-generally indifferent to intimacy

62
Q

schizotypal

A

-acute discomfort within relationships
-magical thinking/odd beliefs
-overelaborate/ metaphorical
-ideas of reference

63
Q

dramatic/emotional/erratic type B

A

antisocial, histrionic, borderline, narcissistic

Psych 127B (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions