History of Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

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1
Q

what determines behavior

A

-endogenous activity of the nervous system influenced by situational environment and organism needs

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2
Q

Ramon y Cajal, Dynamic Polarization

A
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3
Q

what’s a synapse

A

-when two neurons come in close proximity with one another to communicate (they do not touch)

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4
Q

chemical synapse

A

-One neuron secretes neurotransmitter that activates receptors on
another neuron

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5
Q

electrical synapse

A

-Neurons are in electrical continuity with one another via interlocking
proteins with ion channels
-ex. connexon channels

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6
Q

Galvani’s experiment

A

-Galvani discovered “animal electricity” by connecting the skeletal muscle of a dead frog leg to the spinal nerve causing the leg muscles to contract

-what was the actual cause of this

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7
Q

DuBois/Bernstein

A

-used a differential rheotome to record the first action potential waveform

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8
Q

Bernstein’s Breakdown Theory

A

-stated that depolarization beyond a certain threshold leads to a transient breakdown of the ionic barrier between inside and outside of the cell
-thought this results in the membrane being permeable to all ions equally

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9
Q

why was Bernstein’s Breakdown Theory found to be untrue

A

-equal permeability indicates that Ecell would equal 0mv at its peak value

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10
Q

Han’s Berger

A

-developed the first human EEG

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11
Q

Loewi’s experiment

A

-innervated one heart with the vagus nerve and connected fluid surrounding heart 1 with the fluid surrounding heart 2
-recorded that stimulation of the vagus nerve decreases firing rate of heart 1 and heart 2

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12
Q

Vagustoff

A

-the stuff which traveled through the continuous extracellular fluid between heart 1 and 2 through which acted as the chemical signaling compound

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13
Q

what evidence was there to support that chemical synaptic transmission could not be the mode of communication in the central nervous system?

A

time vs. inter-heartbeat period graph after stimulus of the vagus nerve shows too long of time lag between vagus nerve stimulation and slowing of heartbeat was too long

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14
Q

required process for chemical synaptic transmission

A
  1. neurotransmitter synthesis
  2. neurotransmitter release
  3. recognition of neurotransmitter message
  4. conversion of chemical signal to electrical signal
  5. clearing of neurotransmitter to stop the message
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15
Q

What did Eccles, Katz, and Kuffler discover

A

-the response latency at the neuromuscular junction is 100x smaller than the cns response to vagal stimulation
-this response latency is suitable for neuronal transmission

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