Psych 11 Flashcards
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavio
Motivation
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Instinct
a basic bodily requirement
Psychological Need
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Drive-Reduction Theory
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Homeostasis
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Incentive
the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Hierarchy of Needs
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
Glucose
the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
Set Point
the body’s resting rate of energy output
Basal Metabolic Rate
defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher.
Obesity
having no sexual attraction to others
Asexual
the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional this hormone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
Testosterone
sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity
Estrogen
the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Sexual Response Cycle
in human sexuality, a resting period that occurs after orgasm, during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm
Refractory Period
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning at any point in the sexual cycle
Sexual Dysfunction
the inability to have or maintain an erection due to insufficient blood flow to the penis
Erectile Disorder
distress due to infrequently or never experiencing orgasm
Female Orgasmic DIsorder
sexual arousal from fantasies, behaviors, or urges involving nonhuman objects, the suffering of self or others, and/or nonconsenting persons
Paraphilias
a life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections.
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)
Sexual Orientation
the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group
Affiliation Need
deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups
Ostracism
excessive self-love and self-absorption
Narcissism
a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard
Achievement Motivation
in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
Grit
