Chapter 10 Flashcards
Intelligence
the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
Intelligence
according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
General Intelligence
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
Savant Syndrome
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Emotional Intelligence
a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
Intelligence Test
a test designed to assess what a person has learned
Achievement Test
a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; is the capacity to learn
Aptitude Test
a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance
Mental Age
the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test.
Stanford-Binet
defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
this test and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
Standardization
the bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes
Normal Curve
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
Reliability
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Validity
the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
Content Validity
the extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure
Predictive Validity
research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time
Cross-Sectional Study
research that follows and retests same people over time
Longitudinal Study
a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as from a given time period
Cohort
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
Crystallized Intelligence
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
Fluid Intelligence
a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound
Intellectual Disability
proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. This may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.
Heritability
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
Stereotype Threat
