Chapter 15 Flashcards
a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
Psychological disorder
the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.
Medical Model
the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change
Epigenetics
the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
DSM-5
a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
Anxiety Disorders
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
Panic DIsorder
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
Phobia
an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions
Obsessve COmpulsive Disorder (OCD)
a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
a disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure
Major Depressive Disorder
a disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
Bipolar Disorder
a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common
Mania
compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes
Rumination
a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
Schizophrenia
a group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality
Psychotic Disorder
a false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
Delusion
a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten
Chronix Schizophrenia
a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods
acute Schizophrenia
controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
Dssociative Disorders
a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
Peronality Disorders
A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
Anti-Social Personality Disorder
an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
Bulemia Nervosa
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa
Binge Eating Disorder
