PSYC/SOC - Decisions, Intelligence, and Consciousness Flashcards
Heuristics are timesaving, cognitive shortcuts that can help us make decisions quickly under ____
pressure
Heuristics are shortcuts, but there is a problem called availability heuristic because it describes our tendency to correlate ease of recollection with some other idea such as frequency. Give an example
You remember eating sushi so well because you love it. You may overestimate the amount of times you eat sushi
representativeness heuristic is our tendency to make educated guesses about a new situation based on ___-
prior situations
Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to embrace information that confirms our existing ideas
Hindsight bias is where we think things are obvious in hindsight, despite them not being obvious at the time
ahh this was obvious, but it might not have been obvious at the time
Belief perseverance involves sticking to existing beliefs when they are problematized by new information
related to overconfidence
When do you use a heuristic?
you use this shortcut when you don’t have a lot of time and/or under pressure
causation bias in which an individual attributes a cause and effect relationship to two events that just might be ___
correlated
Danny views a gruesome shark attak on TV. HE later avoids swimming because, “shark attacks are so common!”. WHich bias is he exhibiting?
availability heuristic because he is overestimating the FREQUENCY
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Stanford-Binet Scale are both
Intelligence Quotient Test (IQ)
Fluid intelligence is adaptive and is most prominent in
young adulthood
Crystallized intelligence is knowledge of facts as is related to __
semantic
Who spearheaded general intelligence (G factor)? Spear has one point - one factor
Charles Spearman
Howard Gardner - multiple intelligence
gardeners plant multiple types so you have multiple intelligence. Opposite of G factor (single factor)
Learning/Behaviourist theory of language means we treat it like anything else. Language is learned through punishment and reinforcement which are part of the _____ conditioning method of learning
operant
Nativist Theory suggests that innate biological mechanisms are responsible for the development of language. Language acquisition device. This was created by
Noam Chonsky
The critical period for the language acquisition device is under ___ years of age
13
Interactionist theory is boring and vague and pretty much never a good answer
Language is in the ___ cerebral hemsphere
left
Broca’s area is speech and is in the forntal lobe. Wernicke (think ear) process speech in the temporal lobe
Brain waves can be measured using an EEG
electroencephalogram (EEG)
As your brain is less active the frequency goes ___
down
How do the waves go down in frequency?
Beta, alpha, Theta, Delta
Beta get to work (when I’m awake)
Alpha asleep soon (relaxed)
Theista (short nap)
Deep sleep
when you think REM think mem for
memory
Deep sleep is usually at the ___ and REM is usually at the end
beginning
Light enters the eye, activating the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). You are awake. SCN inhibits the pineal gland from producing melatonin. Low melatonin allows for wakefulness
Your ANS is regulated by the H
hypothalamus
Stimulants cause a rise in nervous system activity they increase heart rate, blood pressure, alertness. What are the 4 stimulants?
Caffeine, Nicotine, Cocaine, Amphetamine/Methamphetamine
Stimulated Nice Cats Cook Meth
Depressants decrease the body’s nervous system activity. They decrease heart rate, blood pressure, and slow reaction time. What are the 3 depressants?
Alcohol, Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines
Al, Barb, and Ben are depressed
Opioids often prescriped for pain. What are te four?
Heroin, codein, morphine, fentanyl
Her code feels morbid
Hallucinogens alter senosry, perceptual, emotional and cognitive experience. What are the 3?
Ectasy, LSD, Marijuana
The reward pathway.
Dopamine causes a desire to make things hapn.
Dopamine goes to the hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens.
means end is breaking each problem into smaller parts to get to the final answer
