PSYC/SOC - Decisions, Intelligence, and Consciousness

Question 1

Heuristics are timesaving, cognitive shortcuts that can help us make decisions quickly under ____

Answer 1

pressure

Question 2

Heuristics are shortcuts, but there is a problem called availability heuristic because it describes our tendency to correlate ease of recollection with some other idea such as frequency. Give an example

Answer 2

You remember eating sushi so well because you love it. You may overestimate the amount of times you eat sushi

Question 3

representativeness heuristic is our tendency to make educated guesses about a new situation based on ___-

Answer 3

prior situations

Question 4

Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to embrace information that confirms our existing ideas

Question 5

Hindsight bias is where we think things are obvious in hindsight, despite them not being obvious at the time

Answer 5

ahh this was obvious, but it might not have been obvious at the time

Question 6

Belief perseverance involves sticking to existing beliefs when they are problematized by new information

Answer 6

related to overconfidence

Question 7

When do you use a heuristic?

Answer 7

you use this shortcut when you don’t have a lot of time and/or under pressure

Question 8

causation bias in which an individual attributes a cause and effect relationship to two events that just might be ___

Answer 8

correlated

Question 9

Danny views a gruesome shark attak on TV. HE later avoids swimming because, “shark attacks are so common!”. WHich bias is he exhibiting?

Answer 9

availability heuristic because he is overestimating the FREQUENCY

Question 10

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Stanford-Binet Scale are both

Answer 10

Intelligence Quotient Test (IQ)

Question 11

Fluid intelligence is adaptive and is most prominent in

Answer 11

young adulthood

Question 12

Crystallized intelligence is knowledge of facts as is related to __

Answer 12

semantic

Question 13

Who spearheaded general intelligence (G factor)? Spear has one point - one factor

Answer 13

Charles Spearman

Question 14

Howard Gardner - multiple intelligence

Answer 14

gardeners plant multiple types so you have multiple intelligence. Opposite of G factor (single factor)

Question 15

Learning/Behaviourist theory of language means we treat it like anything else. Language is learned through punishment and reinforcement which are part of the _____ conditioning method of learning

Answer 15

operant

Question 16

Nativist Theory suggests that innate biological mechanisms are responsible for the development of language. Language acquisition device. This was created by

Answer 16

Noam Chonsky

Question 17

The critical period for the language acquisition device is under ___ years of age

Answer 17

13

Question 18

Interactionist theory is boring and vague and pretty much never a good answer

Question 19

Language is in the ___ cerebral hemsphere

Answer 19

left

Question 20

Broca’s area is speech and is in the forntal lobe. Wernicke (think ear) process speech in the temporal lobe

Question 21

Brain waves can be measured using an EEG

Answer 21

electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 22

As your brain is less active the frequency goes ___

Answer 22

down

Question 23

How do the waves go down in frequency?

Answer 23

Beta, alpha, Theta, Delta
Beta get to work (when I’m awake)
Alpha asleep soon (relaxed)
Theista (short nap)
Deep sleep

Question 24

when you think REM think mem for

Answer 24

memory

Question 25

Deep sleep is usually at the ___ and REM is usually at the end

Answer 25

beginning

Question 26

Light enters the eye, activating the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). You are awake. SCN inhibits the pineal gland from producing melatonin. Low melatonin allows for wakefulness

Question 27

Your ANS is regulated by the H

Answer 27

hypothalamus

Question 28

Stimulants cause a rise in nervous system activity they increase heart rate, blood pressure, alertness. What are the 4 stimulants?

Answer 28

Caffeine, Nicotine, Cocaine, Amphetamine/Methamphetamine

Stimulated Nice Cats Cook Meth

Question 29

Depressants decrease the body’s nervous system activity. They decrease heart rate, blood pressure, and slow reaction time. What are the 3 depressants?

Answer 29

Alcohol, Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines

Al, Barb, and Ben are depressed

Question 30

Opioids often prescriped for pain. What are te four?

Answer 30

Heroin, codein, morphine, fentanyl

Her code feels morbid

Question 31

Hallucinogens alter senosry, perceptual, emotional and cognitive experience. What are the 3?

Answer 31

Ectasy, LSD, Marijuana

Question 32

The reward pathway.

Answer 32

Dopamine causes a desire to make things hapn.

Dopamine goes to the hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens.

Question 33

means end is breaking each problem into smaller parts to get to the final answer