GChemOChem - Gases, Kinetics, and Equilibrium Flashcards
Avg kinetic energy is directly proportional to __ of a gas
temperature
a barometer is used to measure ____ pressure
atmospheric
1 atm = ____ kPa
101
STP
standard temperature and pressure=0C (273.15K) and 1atm
1 mol of any ideal gas occupies a volume of ___L
22.2L
how to convert C to K
Celcius + 271
0 K = ___ K (absolute zero)
-273
Partial pressure equation
P=(X)(Ptot)
Gases only behave ideally at __ temp and ___ pressure
high temp and low pressure
in the van der Waals equation a stands for ___ and b stands for ___
a is attraction (Intermolecular forces)
B=bulkiness (volume)
reation rates are the change in ___ over ___
change in conc. over time
the orders in the rate law must be determined ___ and cannot be determined from the stoichiometric coefficients
experimentally
rate law equation
Rate=K[A]^m[B]^n
a number to the power of 0 is equal to
1
It is important to calculate the rate law and the rate constant of the reaction so make sure to be able to do this
What does the rate constant tell you? What will a higher reactant mean?
roughly how fast the rxn goes. A higher rate constant means a faster reaction
For zero order reactions, the plot is ___
linear
For first order reactions, the linear plot is ____(concentration) vs time
ln
For second order reactions the linear plot is 1/concentration vs time. The slope is ____
positive
First order reaction linear plot has a ____ K
negative (slope is down)
concentration over time is a ___ order reaction
zero
ln(concentration) over time is a ___ order rxn
first
1/conc over time is a __ order rxn
second
The intermediate is first ___ and then ___
formed, used
a catalyst is first ____ and then formed
used
a homogenous catalyst is in the ___ phase
same
unimolecular - one molecule
dissociates
Bimolecular two molecules __
collide
Termolecular is when three molecules collide and this is very ___
rare
the only thing that changes the equilibrium constant is ___
temperature
defn Kp
equilibrium constants for gas-phase species based on partial pressure
Kc defn
equilibrium constants for aqueous-phase species or gase phase species based on conc.
Ka/Kb defn
acid/base dissociation constants
Kq defn
dissociation constant for the self-ionization of water
Ksp defn
solubility product for solutes in solution
what is the equilibrium equation
Kc=products/reactants
The reaction quotient, Q is an expression that combines all the instantaneous concentrations and is equivalent to ___. the only difference is that K (equilibrium constant) is ideal and Q is real
K
when the volume increase, the pressure decreases and the shift in equilibrium is going to favour the ___ reaction because
reverse, it wants to make more moles of gas
when the volume decreases, the pressure increases and the shift in equilibrium is going to favor the ___ reaction because
forward, get rid of excess moles of gases
as you increase the H3O+ you ___ the pH
decrease
k-rate constant
K-equilibrium constant
k-rate constant is found using the table
and we must know that it is the rate-limiting step (mechanism).
K-equil constant is Product/Reactant and to the power of the stoich
what can change the equilibrium constant?
ONLY temperature
divinding by 0.5 is the same as multiplying by __
2
