GChemOChem - Acids and Bases Flashcards
There are 3 ways to describe an acid or base. Arrhenius, Lewis, and Bronsted Lowry
Arrhenius acid is a species that _____ hydrogen ions
produces
Arrhenuis base is a species that produces _____ ions
hydroxde
Arrhenius base can react with an arrhenius acid in a _________ reactionb
neutralizion. (OH- and H to make HOH (water))
Acids are red and bases are ___
blue
Bronsted-Lowry produces H. A bronsted bade ____ H
accepts
When a BL acid loses a proton, it forms it conjugate ____
base (ie H2O (acid)–>OH- (conj. base))
When a BL base gains a proton it becomes a conj ___
acid
Lewis acid is a species that acts as an electron-pair ______ and are electrophiles
accept
Lewis base is a species that act as an electron pair _____. Lew bases are nucleophiles
donor
What charge is the nucleus?
postive (think raisin bun model a positive core with surrounding e-)
a question differentiating b/w a lewis model against arrhenius or BL is likely
when something is becoming more electrophilic it means it is becominig more positive or negative?
postive
the conjugate of a strong acid NEVER reacts with H+
strong acids completely ionize in water
List the 5 common strong acids
HCl
HBr
HI
H2SO4
HNO3
Strong bases are NaOH and KOH and all of the first two columns with OH- in the PT
H2CO3 is a ____ acid
weak
anything with a -COOH is a ___ acd
weak
If you see a N it is typically a ___ base
weak
p means -log(whatever)
what is the opposite of -log?
10^-ph
pH=-log[H+] is the same as 10^-pH
pH +pOH = kw. What is the value of kw?
14
log(10^x)=x
log(1)=
0
to approximate a log with a difficult mantissa follow the steps on page 166
water is amphoteric which means it can act as both an ___ and a ___
acid, base
kw is equal to 1.00 x 10^-14 at room temp
Dilute<10^-7
Ka x Kb = Kw =10^-14
thie means wen Ka goes up Kb goes down
C=n/V
acid strength increases to the right and down the periodic table (same as Zeff). Why?
The more stable the conj base the stronger the ___
acid
How to determine how stable the conj base is the more spread out the electron is, the more stable.
is COOH acidic or basic
acidic
For ARIo we are looking at comparing w/ atomic radius for ____ and ____ electronegativity
coloumn, row
ARIo is a good way to tell its ____ based on its structure
acidity
The more ___ the conj. base the stronger the acid
stable
How to determine the stability of a conj base?
you look at the spread of electrons. The more spread out the electrons are, the more stable
The more spread out the electrons are the ____ stable
more
zwitter ion form net neutral molecule with separated charges
when deprotonated? when pKa < pH of solutionq
KaxKb=10^-14 THINK what is the conj.!!
Carbonic Acid is a polyprotic acid. Memorize the equation.
H2CO3 > HCO3- + H+ > CO2 + H2O
This equilibrium is present in the bloodstream and is how the concentration of CO2 in the body can modulate blood pH
citric acid is a ___protic
triprotic
at ph-7 COOH are _____
deprotonated
