BioBioChem 1 - Biochemicals

Question 1

Triacylglycerols are lipids. What is their primary function?

Answer 1

energy storage
Long term energy storage in fat cells. Used for thermal regulation

Question 2

Phospholipids are lipids. What is their primary function?

Answer 2

Structural. (membranes)

Question 3

Saturated fatty acids are ____ bonds. These types of bonds are also referred to as ___ bonds

Answer 3

Single, sigma

Question 4

Sigma bonds can ___ freely whereas pi bonds cannot

Answer 4

rotate

Question 5

Are saturated or unsaturated bonds preferred for storage? why?

Answer 5

saturated because they can pack tightly

Question 6

saturated bonds mean ____ membrane fluidity

Answer 6

decreased (packed tightly so hard to move)

Question 7

Unsaturated fatty acids are _____ or ____ bonds. They cannot have free rotation.

Answer 7

double or triple

Question 8

Unsaturated bonds are preferred for _____ _______ because as temp drops they can increase their movement

Answer 8

energy production

Question 9

unsaturated means ______ membrane fluidity

Answer 9

increased

Question 10

______ fatty acids are preferred for energy production and ____ fatty acids are preferred for storage

Answer 10

unsaturated, saturated

Question 11

Phospholipids have a ___ head group, ____ backbone, and fatty acid chains

Answer 11

polar, glycerol

Question 12

Steroids always have ____ rings

Answer 12

4

Question 13

Steroid hormones are made from ____

Answer 13

cholesterol

Question 14

Lipoproteins consist of a lipid hydrophobic core (triacylglycerol and cholesterol) surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins. There are ___ major classes of lipoproteins

Answer 14

4

Question 15

Chylomicrons are a type of lipoproteins that transfer lipids absorbed in the intestine to the rest of the body. They are from _____ lipids like fatty acids and cholesterol

Answer 15

dietary

Question 16

Low density lipoproteins indicate what about fat and cholesterol in blood?

Answer 16

iindicate too much fat and cholesterol n blood

Question 17

What type of lipoproteins indicates a healthy high protein-to-fat ratio?

Answer 17

High density lipoproteins (HDL)

Question 18

Good cholesterol is carried by

Answer 18

HDL High Density Lipoproteins

Question 19

Peptide bonds are formed during ___ at a cytosolic/rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosome.

Answer 19

translation

Question 20

Proteins are a chain of amino acids linked together by a ___ bond

Answer 20

peptide

Question 21

OF the 20 amino acids, ___ are essential which means they must be eaten

Answer 21

9

Question 22

Each amino acid consists of a centra alpha carbon liked to a 1. ______ 2. ______ 3. Hydrogen 4. Side chains/R groups

Answer 22

Amino group NH3+
Carboxyl Group COOH

Question 23

at low pH amino acids are ____ charged

Answer 23

postively NH3+ and COOH

Question 24

at high pH amino acids are ____ charged

Answer 24

negatively NH2 and COO-

Question 25

All amino acids are chiral except for ___

Answer 25

glycine R chain is H

Question 26

All amino acids are S config except for ____ which is R

Answer 26

Cysteine

Question 27

The 2 acidic amino acids are negative and pH 7. These have COO-

Answer 27

Aspartate (Asp, D) and Glutamate (GLU, E)

Question 28

The 3 basic amino acids are.. and are positive at pH7. These are the ones with NH+

Answer 28

Lysine (Lys, K), Arginine (Arg, R), Histidine (His, H)

Question 29

The three aromatic amino acids are

Answer 29

Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, T), and Phenylalanine (Phe, F)

Question 30

Non polar amino acids have mostly carbon bonds and NH2 (amide)

Question 31

Polar bonds have OH groups or SH

Question 32

-ate indicates there is a carboxylic acid which is ____ and is acidic because it is negative at pH 7

Answer 32

COO-

Question 33

Peptide bond is formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the ____ group of the other

Answer 33

carboxyl

Question 34

The first amino added is the ___ terminus

Answer 34

N

Question 35

The last amino acid added is the _____ terminus

Answer 35

carboxy

Question 36

A peptide bond is a single bond but has partial double bond character

Question 37

Primary structure refers to

Answer 37

the sequence of a.a connected in a polypeptide

Question 38

Secondary structure refers to ___. R groups are not involved in determining secondary structure

Answer 38

folding

Question 39

The tertiary structure results from _____ interactions

Answer 39

R group

Question 40

The creation of a disulfide bridge is between 2 ____ creating 1

Answer 40

cysteines, cysteine

Question 41

Quaternary structure is when proteins are made up of more than one polypeptide chain. A protein with two identical subunits is called a

Answer 41

homodimer

Question 42

a heterodimer is a protein with two non-identical ____

Answer 42

subunits

Question 43

Water surrounds a protein in a ______ layer

Answer 43

solvation

Question 44

When a protein is denatured the only structure that remains is the ___ structure

Answer 44

primary

Question 45

alpha linkages are below and beta linkages are ___

Answer 45

above

Question 46

Glycogen are alpha linkages with branching Starch is alpha linkages with minimal branching. Cellulose has __ linkages with no branching

Answer 46

beta

Question 47

D glucose is when the lowest OH group nearest the CH2OH group is on the right. L is the opposite where it is on the ___

Answer 47

left