PSYC. DRUGS Flashcards
ALL PSYC. DRUGS CAUSE _____ and ______.
Low BP and Weight Change.
Most psyc. drugs make you gain weight, but prozac will make you lose weight.
Describe PhenothiaZINES
- 1st generation or typical antipsychotics all end in “ ZINE”
- “We use “ZINES” for the Zaney”
- Considered Major Tranquilizers
- ACTION: they do not cure, only < symptoms.
In large doses PhenothiaZINES are considered?
Antipsychotics.
In small doses PhenothiaZINES are considered?
Antiemetic
Major tranquillizers have major side effects. What are they?
THINK: ABCDEFG
- Anticholinergic (dry mouth).
- Blurred Vision
- Constipation
- Drowsiness
- EPS - extra parametal syndrome
- Fhoto-sensitivity
- A - Granulo-cytosis (< WBC - immunosuppressed.
What should the nurse do when the Pt is experiencing normal side effects to Major tranquilizers?
Action:
Teach pt.
Inform Doc
Administer Pill
How should the nurse care for a Pt. having toxic effects to a major tranquilizer?
Hold Med
Call Doc
What is the #1 diagnosis for TX. of side effects for blurred vision, drowsiness, and EPS
Risk for injury - safety issues
Define Decanoate
- It means long acting!
- “D” will often be after the name of a drug.
- I .M. form given to non-compliant clients.
- Often court ordered
- Pt. gets Prolixin mthly injections at clinic.
- If non-compliant, clinic will call police.
Describe Tricycline
Old class of drugs that have been grandfathered into a new class NSSRI’s.
Mood elevators used to tx. depression “ Happy Pills”
“ Elavil, Tofranil, Ativil, Deseril”
What are the name of the 4 mood elevators used to TX, depression?
“Elavil, Tofranil, Ativil, Deseril”
Remember “Elavil Elevates”
What are the side effects of Tricycline Antidepressants such as Elavil, Tofranil, Ativil, Deseril?
Think:ABCDE
- Anticholinergic ( dry mouth).
- Blurred vision
- Constipation
- Drowsiness
- Euphoria
How long do you have to take Tricycline Antidepressants such as Elavil, Tofranil, Ativil, Deseril before they will have therapeutic effects?
24hrs
Describe BenodiaZEPines
- Anti-Anxiety Meds
- Minor tranquilizers
- Always have ZEP in the name
ZEPS and ZINES are ?
Tranquilizers
“ ZINES for the ZANEY” and “ZEPS of the Minors”
Besides Anti Anxiety Med what else can a BenodiaZEPine used for?
- Pre-op to induce anesthesia.
- Muscle Relaxant
- Alcohol withdrawl
- Seizures
- Help Pt. relax when fighting a ventilator
How long does it take for BenodiaZEPines to have a therapeutic effect?
They work quickly, but must not take them for 2-4 weeks
What is the relationship between an Anti Depressant and a Major Tranquilizer?
Anti Depressants works with in 2-4 weeks and you can take it for life.
Major Tranquilizer works immediately, but cannot be on them for more than 2-4 weeks
If a pt. comes into the clinic majorly depressed what will the Doctor likely prescribe? What re the side effects?
Initially both a Major Tranquilizer and Anti Depressant until the anti depressant kicks in.
Side Effects:
- Anticholinergic ( dry mouth).
- Blurred vision
- Constipation
- Drowsiness
- Safety Concern*
What is a MAO inhibitor used for? Name 3 of them and their side effects.
Antidepressants
Marplan
Nardil
Parnate
Side Effects
- Anticholinergic ( dry mouth).
- Blurred vision
- Constipation
- Drowsiness
What teaching would the nurse implement for a patient taking an MAO inhibitor In order to prevent Acute/Fatal Hypertensive Crisis?
MUST AVIOD ALL FOODS WITH TYRAMINE!
Avoid BAR!
Bananas
Avocado
Raisins (dried fruit).
- No organ meats
- No Perserved meats
- No Cheese - EXCEPT Cottage & Mozzarella
- No Yogurt
- No Alcohol or Chocolate
- No over the counter MEDS.
Describe Lithium
- Electrolyte
- Used to TX. Bipolar disorder b/c it decreases Mania.
- All other PSYC. drugs are “neuromesseruppers”
- -Stabilize nerve cell membranes
What are the 3 side effects of Lithium?
Peeing
Pooping
Paresthesia
Large does of lithium cause ________ this is a sign of ______?
- Numbness and Tingling
- Decreased Sodium
What 3 SandS will the nurse of with Lithium Toxicity?
How would the nurse intervene?
Tremors
Metallic Taste
Severe Diarrhea
Hold
Call Doc
> fluids b/c peeing and pooping all the time at risk for FVD.
- Monitor sodium blood value
- Give gatorade when sweating
- Need NS for lithium to work
Lithium is toxic when _______?
Lithium is ineffective when ______?
Only way lithium works if ______ is normal.
- Low sodium = Toxic lithium
- High sodium = Lithium ineffective.
- Only way lithium will work if sodium is normal.
Describe Prozac and its side effects.
Selective Serotonin uptake inhibitor - similar to Elavil.
Side effects:
- Anticholinergic ( dry mouth).
- Blurred vision
- Constipation
- Drowsiness
- Euphoria
- Causes insomnia - give b/f noon. Do not give at bedtime.
When changing the dose of prozac for adolescents or young adults what do you need to watch for?
Suicidal ideations
Describe Haldol and its side effects
- Typical 1st generation Anti-Psychotic
- Decanoate form - long acting IM - similar to thorazine
Side effects:
- Anticholinergic (dry mouth).
- Blurred Vision
- Constipation
- Drowsiness
- EPS - extra parametal syndrome
- Fhoto-sensitivity
- A Granulocytosis (< WBC - immunosuppressed.
What is NMS and who is at greatest risk for developing it?
NMS is a Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotic drugs characterized by fever 106-108, but can start at 102, altered mental status, muscle rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction, tremors and anxiety its a medical emergency.
White elderly and young adolescents are at greases risk fr developing NMS.
What is the difference between NSM and EPS?
- Both have tremors and anxiety. Only difference is temp!
- Must take temperature to figure out the difference
- NMS will ALWAYS have temp.
- > 102 immediately call EMR usually raises to 106-108.
Describe ClonZAPril / CloZAPine
- ZAPS are for the ZANEY!
- Used to TX. Schizophrenic
- Meant to replace “ ZINES” and HALDOL
- Does not have side effects ABCDE, but then after 6mths some pt. can develop A-Granulocytosis - attacks the bone marrow.
- Therefore must monitor white count.
- Geadone - blk box warning prolongs Q, T interval and can cause sudden cardiac arrest, so don’t use with heart pt.
- Zine - typical old time anti psychotic
- Zapine- new anti psychotic
- Zep - minor traquillers
- All tranquilizers
Describe Zoloft - Sertraline
Zoloft (sertraline) is an antidepressant belonging to a group of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Sertraline affects chemicals in the brain that may be unbalanced in people with depression, panic, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Causes insomina, but can give at bedtimes.
Watch for interactions with St. Johns Wort. Symptoms include:
- Sweating
- Apprehension - impending sense of doom
- Dizziness
- Headache
Interaction with Warfarin/Coumadin - will bleed out, Coumadin will go toxic watch for bleeding.
