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MK REVIEW > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lab value for Creatine?

A

0.6-1.2 - Level A low priority.

Indicates kidney disease, only a concern if going for a test with dye in it.

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2
Q

What is the lab value for INR?

What do you do when its high?

A

2’s and 3’s - measures Coumadin therapy.

4's = C high Priority
Hold: Coumadin
Assess: Bleeding
Prep: Vit K
Call: Doc
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3
Q

What are the 4 steps for priority questions with lab values?

A
  1. Hold
  2. Assess
  3. Prepare
  4. Call
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4
Q

What is the lab value for Potassium?

Abnormal range indicates?

What do you do when its low?

What do you do when its high?

What do you do when its greater than 6!

A

Normal range 3.5 - 5.3

Abnormal range indicator that something is wrong.

Decreased Potassium = C

  1. Hold: Nothing
  2. Assessment: Heart
  3. Prepare: K+
  4. Call: Doc

Increased Potassium

  1. 4-5.9
  2. Hold: K+
  3. Assessment: Heart
  4. Prepare: D5W and regular insulin
  5. Call: Doc

Potassium Greater then 6 = DEADLY PT WILL DIE.
STAT: HOLD: K+
Assess Heart
Prepare: D5W and regular insulin
Call: Doc
* Do not leave Patient*

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5
Q

What is the lab value for pH

What do you when the pH is in the 6’s?

A

7.35-7.45 Normal range

pH in the 6's = D    " As the ph goes, so goes my Pt."
Hold: Nothing
Assess: Vitals
Prep: Nothing
Call: DOC
  • Stay with Pt. and get someone to call the DOC to get there quickly*
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6
Q

What is the lab value for BUN

What do you do when its increased?

A

8-25
Increased BUN assess for dehydration

Note: If you get an elevated blood value dehydration is always a good guess.

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7
Q

What is the lab value for Hemoglobin?

What do you do if the value is between 8-11?

What do you do if the value is below 8?

A

12-18

8-11 = B
Assess: for anemia, bleeding and malnutrition.

Below 8 = C
Assess: bleeding
Prep: Blood
Call: DOC

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8
Q

What is the lab value for BICARB?

A

22-26

ABNORMAL = A

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9
Q

What is the lab value for CO2?

What do you do if the CO2 in the 50’s?

What do you do if the CO2 in the 60’s?

A

35-45 ( Same as pH just drop the 7).

CO2 in the 50’s = C Critical ( Not if COPD)
Hold: nothing
Assess: Resp
Prep: pursed lip breathing - usually solves the problem.

CO2 in the 60’s = D = Respiratory Failure
High Priority - Stay with Pt.
Hold: nothing
Assess: Resp
Prep: intubate and ventilate. Pursed lipped breathing.
Call: Resp Therapist and DOC.

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10
Q

What is the lab value for Hematocrit?

What do you do for a elevated Hematocrit?

A

36-54 (X3 the Hemoglobin)
Elevated Hematocrit = B no big deal
Assess - Dehydration

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11
Q

What is the lab value for PO2?

What do you do when the P02 is low , but still in the 70’s?

What happens if the P02 is in the 60’s? What should the nurse do?

A

78-100
Low, but still in the 70’s = C
1. Hold
2. Assess Resp
3. Give 02, b/c 02 is low usually corrects itself.
4. So, don’t have to always call the DOC.

P02 Low in the 60’s = D Respiratory failure
CO2 Low in the 60’s = D Respiratory failure

Hold: throw on O2
Assess: Resp
Prep: intubate/Ventilate
Call: Respiratory Therapist and DOC

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12
Q

What are the 2 main causes of Episodic Tachycardia?

What would the nurse do for them?

A
  1. Hypoxia
  2. Dehydration
    Therefore increase i.v. rate and give O2.

Hypoxic = heart rate speeds up first, then respirations goes up second.

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13
Q

Assess before you ______, unless delaying doing puts Pt. at ______ ______.

A

Do

Higher risk

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14
Q

If you are between 2 do’s pick ________ first.

A 
Position.
i.e Dyspnea
1. Elevate HOB (FIRST)
2. O2 ( BEST)
3. Resp Assess.
4 Call DOC
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15
Q

What is the lab value for O2 SAT

A 
93-100%
Below 93%  = C   on Nclex is BAD
1. Hold Nothing
2. Assess resp.
3. Prep: O2
4. Doc
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16
Q

What invalidates SA02?

A

Anemia - need to assess SA02 differently or dye procedure in last 24 hours b/c dye colors blood so it misreads.

17
Q

BNP is the best indicator of ________?

Below _________ is normal.

What do you monitor if you have a high BNP?

A

CHF
Below 100 = normal
Elevated BNP = “B” monitor for CHF. Not high priority.

18
Q

What is the lab value for Na+?

If increased assess _________?

If decreased assess for ______?

Abnormal value and change in LOC moves to level “C” for what reason?

A

135-145
Abnormal = B

If increased assess dehydration

If decreased assess for over load.

Abnormal value and change in LOC moves to level C b/c its a safety issue.

19
Q

What is the lab value for WBC?

What is the lab value for ANC?

What is the lab value for CD4? What happens if it falls below and what should the nurse do?

A
  1. Total WBC 5000-11000
  2. ANC above 500
  3. CD4 above 200 - if it falls below 200 = AIDS. 201 = HIV
    * all of these are level “C” if below.
    HOLD: nothing
    ASSESS: infection
    PREP: Place on Neutropenic Precautions
  • MUST KNOWS*
20
Q

What is the lab value for Platelets.

A

150,000 to 400,000 - help clotting
< 90,000 = C
< 40,000 = D

21
Q

What are your highest priority Lab values?

the “‘D’s”

A 
pH 6's
K+ 6's
C02 60's
O2 60's
Platelets < 40,000
22
Q

What are your high priority Lab values?

the “C’s”

A 
INR 4's
Potassium < 3.5
Hemoglobin < 8
CO2 50's
PO2 70's
O2 SAT < 93%
Total WBC 5000-11000
ANC above 500
CD4 above 200 - if it falls below 200 = AIDS.  201 = HIV
Platelets - < 90,000
23
Q

List the Neutropenic Precautions.

A
  1. Strict Hand washing
  2. Shower BID with antimicrobioal soap
  3. Avoid crowds
  4. Private Room
  5. Limit # of staff entering the room
  6. Limit vistors for healthy adults
  7. No fresh flowers or potted plants
  8. Low bacteria
  9. Diet: no raw, fruits, veg, salads. No under cooked meat..
  10. Don’t drink H20 that has been open longer than 15min.
  11. Check vital signs - esp. temp every 4 hrs
  12. Check WBC and ANC daily
  13. Avoid the use in indwelling catheter.
  14. Do not reuse cups, must wash b/w uses.
  15. Use disposible plates, cups, straws, plastic utensils.
  16. Dedicated items in room. stetho, BP cuff, therm, gloves
  17. ASSESS for INFECTION!
24
Q

List bleeding precautions and Thrombolytic Protocol

A
  1. No unnecessary venipuncture
  2. For injections or I.V. use a small gauge
  3. Handle pt. gently - use draw sheet.
  4. Use electric razor
  5. No tooth brush or floss
  6. No hard foods
  7. Well fit dentures (no rubbing)
  8. Blow nose gently
  9. No rectal temp, enema or supp.
  10. No Aspirin
  11. No contact sports
  12. No walking in bare feet.
  13. No tight clothes or shoes
  14. Use stool softener
  15. no straining
  16. Notify MD of blood in urine, and stool.
25
Q

RBC Therapeutic Range

A

4-6

“ B” abnormal no concern

26
Q

K+ > 6

A

Deadly and Dangerous

27
Q

pH < 6

A

Deadly and Dangerous

28
Q

C02 in the 60’s

A

Deadly and Dangerous

29
Q

Platelets < 40,000

A

Deadly and Dangerous

30
Q

When should you call the rapid response team?

A

Symptomatic “D”

31
Q

Absolute neutrophil count

A

1500-8000mm/3 or 1.5 to 8.0

32
Q

Normal Glasgow Coma Scale

A
  1. Any less than that is not stable.
33
Q

Peak flow for Asthma

A

80% or higher is stable and means good control.
50-79% Caution
< 50% Medical Alert

34
Q

Normal MAP Mean Arterial Pressure)

A

70-105 mm Hg

A MAP < 60 will not allow for adequate perfusion of vital organs

35
Q

Normal Troponin 1 and Troponin T values

A

Troponin 1 = < 0.3

Troponin T= < 0.10

36
Q

Normal Uric Acid Levels

A

4.0 - 8.5

37
Q

Normal Carboxyhemoglobin Level (Carbon Monoxide)

A

2-3% in non-smokers and slightly higher in smokers

38
Q

Parkland Formula

A

4mg/kg of body weight per percentage of burn and first 1/2 within the first 8 hrs..

4mg x 100kg x 80% / 2

39
Q

Normal glucose levels

A

Between 4.0 to 6.0 mmol/L (72 to 108 mg/dL) when fasting.

Up to 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) 2 hours after eating.

MK REVIEW (16 decks)

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