Diabetes Flashcards
Define Diabetes
When your body cannot metabolize glucose.
Define Diabetes Insipidous
Polyuria, Polydipsia, leading to dehydration to low ADH. Looks a lot like DM without the glucose.
Define SIADH
Opposite of Diabetes insipidous -
- Oliguria
- Retain water
- No urine output
- Urine decreases and specific gravity increases.
List 3 other names for Type 1 Diabetes
- Insulin Dependent
- Juvenile Diabetes
- Ketosis Prone
List 3 other names for Type 2 Diabetes
- Non-insulin Dependent
- Adult Onset
- Non-Ketosis Prone
What are the signs and symptoms of both T1 and T2 diabetes
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia (in diabetes this means eating not swallowing)
How do you Treat T1 Diabetes? (DIE)
Diet ( least important)
Insulin ( most important)
Exercise
How do you Treat T2 Diabetes? (DOA)
Diet ( most important)
Oral hypoglycemia
Activity
What type of diet restriction is the T2 Diabetic on?
Calorie restricted.
How many small feedings should a T2 diabetics eat per day?
6 small feeding per day within the restricted caloric allowance. This is to prevent big peaks achieving more more level glucose levels. Therefore, blood glucose is going to stay more normal glycemic.
If you have a T2 Diabetic What is the BEST dietary action take?
a) Restrict calories to appropriate amount per day 1600 cal.
b) Divide food into 6 feedings per day.
a) Restrict calories to appropriate amount per day 1600 cal.
Insulin acts to lower your ______ _______.
Blood Glucose
List/Describe the various types of insulin including onset, peak , duration etc…
Regular Insulin “R”
- Regular
- Onset: 1 hrs
- Peak: 2hrs
- Durations: 3hrs
- Clear = solution therefore can be given I.V. drip.
- Short rapid acting insulin
NPH Insulin “N”
- Intermediate acting insulin
- Onset: 6hrs
- Peak: 8-10 hrs
- Duration: 12 hrs
- Cloudy = suspension, therefore no I.V. or you will overdose them and their brain will DIE! Never put anything cloudy in an I.V. bag.
R stands for ______ and _______?
N stands for ______ and _______?
Rapid (fast) and Run ( run i.v.)
Not so Fast ( intermediate) and Not I.V.
Describe the “ 1,2,4,6,8,10,12” acronym to remember “R” and “N” insulins.
1 hr ONSET 2hr PEAK 4hr DURATION 6 hr ONSET 8-10hr PEAK 12hr DURATION
"R" = 1, 2, 4, "N" = 6, 8, 10, 12
Only give “R” and “N” insulin at bedtime if….?
ACU check says to otherwise its not routine.
Hypoglycemia = ?
PEAK
You give 30 units of “N” at 7am, when would you check for Hypoglycemia?
3pm-5pm when its due to PEAK 8-10hrs after administration.
What is the onset, peak and duration for Humalog® (insulin lispro). When is the BEST time to administer?
Onset: 15min
Peak: 30min
Duration: 3hrs
Give WITH meals!
Fastest acting insulin.
Describe Lantus/Glargine insulin
- Long acting insulin
- Slowly absorbed therefore no peaks.
- Low risk for hypoglycemia therefore can give at bedtime.
- Duration 12-24hrs
What is the most important thing for the nurse to check on the insulin bottle?
Expiration date.
What action by the nurse invalidates the manufacturers expiration date?
Opening the bottle
How long is insulin good for after it has been open? and what must the nurse write on the bottle after it has been open?
30 days.
Write New expiration date 30 days after opening.
Write date of opening.
When does the nurse refrigerate insulin?
Refrigeration is optional in an institution. However, the nurse must teach the Pt. to refriderate insulin at home.
In hospital, unopened viles should be in the fridge and once open write expiry date on the bottle and it no longer require refrigeration.
