PSY 203-CHP 1 Flashcards
The term Blank______ comes from the Greek word for “nation.”
ETHNICITY
The characteristics that tend to increase the odds of resilience include (SELECT ALL)
Self-confidence
Higher socioeconomic status
Faith
Multiple Choice Question
Blank______ status refers to a person’s position within society based on occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.
SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS
The Blank______ processes refer to the changes in an individual’s physical nature.
BIOLOGICAL
The periods of development in the human life span are
“Produced by an interplay of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes.”
When does the prenatal period of development begin?
AT CONCEPTION
Which developmental period lasts from birth to approximately 18–24 months?
INFANCY
What of the following characteristics would be most likely to increase the odds of resilience in children?
RELATIONSHIP W/ CARING PARENT
Period of development is a time of transition between infancy and early childhood
TODDLER
The examples of biological processes that affect development are (SELECT ALL)
- Hormonal changes of puberty
- Cardiovascular decline
- Genes inherited from parents
- Brain development
- Language development
- Weight gain
The ______ period refers to a time frame in a person’s life that is characterized by certain features.
DEVELOPMENTAL
Sharon is becoming more self-sufficient and can follow instructions. She is even learning to identify letters. She is in the ______ period of development.
EARLY CHILDHOOD
Waylon is extremely dependent on his parents and is just beginning to develop language and symbolic thought. Waylon is in which developmental period?
INFANCY
Julie has mastered the basic skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic, and very motivated to do well in school. Julie is most likely in the developmental period of
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
The term toddler is often used to describe a child that is about ______ of age.
18 MONTHS TO 3 Y.O.
Amanda is engaging in much more logical and abstract thought than she used to, and she has become quite idealistic. She is far more interested in spending time with her friends than with her family. Amanda is most likely in the developmental period of
ADOLESCENCE
The reasons why happiness typically increases as people age include (SELECT ALL)
- Older adults tend to be more satisfied with what they have.
- Older people have more satisfying relationships.
Which developmental period in childhood involves learning to be self-sufficient, caring for the self, developing school readiness skills, and playing with peers?
EARLY CHILDHOOD
Select the issues of development among the following. (SELECT ALL)
- Continuity and discontinuity
- Stability and change
- Nature and nurture
Steps of the scientific method in order
- CONCEPTUALIZE
- COLLECT DATA
- ANALYZE DATA
- DRAW CONCLUSIONS
The ______ period is the developmental period from about 6 to 11 years of age, approximately corresponding to the elementary school years.
MIDDLE & LATE CHILDHOOD
______ theories view development as being primarily the result of unconscious processes.
PSYCHOANALYTICAL
The ______ period of development is the period of transition from childhood to early adulthood. It begins at approximately 10 to 12 years of age and ends at 18 to 21 years of age.
ADOLESCENT
Freud’s five psychosexual stages of development
- ORAL
- ANAL
- PHALLIC
- LATENCY
- GENITAL
The roles that each of the following play in development are debated, except for:
GOOD-EVIL
According to today’s psychoanalytic theories, Freud’s theory overemphasized…
SEXUAL INSTINCTS
The father of psychoanalytic theory is…
SIGMUND FREUD
Freud believed that the primary motivation for human behavior is ______ in nature, whereas Erikson believed that is was ______ .
SEXUAL; SOCIAL
Infant pleasure centers on mouth.
ORAL STAGE (FREUD); PSYCHOSEXUZL STAGE 1
Child pleasure centers on anus.
ANAL STAGE (FREUD); PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE 2
Child pleasure focuses on genitals.
GENITAL STAGE (FREUD; PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE 3)
Sexual interest is repressed.
LATENCY STAGE (FREUD/; PYSCHOSEXUAL STAGE 4)
Sexual interest is reawakened.
GENITAL STAGE (FREUD; PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE 5)
The statements consistent with the basic premises of Erikson’s psychosocial theory
- Developmental stages are turning points marked by increased vulnerability and enhanced potential.
- Developmental stages are characterized by developmental tasks that must be resolved.
Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development
TRUST VS. MISTRUST
As compared to Freud, today’s psychoanalytic theorists place more emphasis on ______ as determinants of an individual’s development.
CULTURAL
According to Erikson, humans develop in _____ stages
PSYCHOSOCIAL
Which of the following are cognitive theories of development?
- Information-processing theory
- Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
- Piaget’s developmental theory
The best description of Erikson’s theory of development is:
“A multistage theory in which a developmental task in each stage confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.”
According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, a child’s cognition is ______ different in one stage compared with another.
QUALITATIVELY
Vygotsky maintained that development
“is inseparable from social and cultural influences.”
Which theoretical approach believes that individuals develop a gradually increasing capacity for sensing, storing, and remembering information that allows them to acquire increasingly complex knowledge and skills?
INFORMATION-PROCESSING
Both the behavioral and the social cognitive theories of development assume that:
development does not occur in a stage-like fashion.
One thing that the information-processing theory, Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, and Piaget’s developmental theory have in common is that they are all ______ theories.
COGNITIVE
According to ______, the presence or absence of certain experiences is especially important during specific time frames called critical periods.
ETHOLOGISTS
Each of Piaget’s age-related stages consists of
DISTINCT WAY OF THINKING
Which of the following are components of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory?
Microsystem
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Macrosystem
Chronosystem
According to Vygotsky, what is crucial to children’s cognitive development is:
“social interaction with more-skilled adults and peers.”
The perspective that does not rigidly believe in any one theoretical perspective but considers multiple theories and selects the best features from each is known as a(n) ______ theoretical orientation.
ECLECTIC
The theory of development that emphasizes individuals manipulating, monitoring, and strategizing about information is:
INFORMATION-PROCESSING THEORY
The framework that outlines how research in life-span development should be conducted is:
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Both the behavioral and the social cognitive theories emphasize:
CONTINUITY IN DEVELOPMENT
_____ theory states that behavior is tied to evolution, is strongly affected by biological influence, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods.
ETHOLOGICAL
A method that involves systematically gathering data in a laboratory or natural setting by watching and recording interactions or behaviors is known as ______ research.
OBSERVATIONAL
Ethological theory stresses Blank______ factors, and ecological theory emphasizes Blank______ factors.
BIOLOGICAL; ENVIRONMENTAL
Two-year-old Stacey and her mom, Patricia, have gone to the university to participate in a study. While they play together with some puppets, a researcher watches them from behind a one-way mirror. The researcher is utilizing:
LABRATORY RESEARCH
Aysha does not believe any one theory can account for all real-life phenomena. She would most likely adopt a(n) ______ approach to life-span development.
“eclectic theoretical orientation.”
What is one criticism of standardized tests?
“They assume a person’s behavior is consistent”
Which of the following is not a reason for conducting research in life-span development?
“to determine whether development is important.”
Dr. Phillips, a clinical psychologist, has a client who exhibits some very unusual behaviors. She writes a report on the patient so that her colleagues can benefit from her observations. What type of research is Dr. Phillips conducting?
“a case study.”
aims to observe and record behavior
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
aims to understand causality
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
aims to provide information that helps to predict how people will behave
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
Dr. Berry is studying attachment of infants by watching infants and mothers together. Which of the following methods of data collection is Dr. Berry using?
OBSERVATION
A research strategy that simultaneously compares people of different ages is known as the ______ approach.
CROSS-SECTIONAL
When researchers need to exert significant control over what happens in their study, they typically use:
LABORATORY RESEARCH
______ refers to researchers’ responsibility to keep the data collected private and anonymous.
CONFIDENTIALITY
A method of data collection that has uniform procedures for administration and scoring is called a
STANDARDIZED TEST
A type of research that is an in-depth look at a single individual is known as:
CASE STUDY
When researchers overgeneralize ethnic groups, the following can happen:
- Groups are portrayed as being more homogeneous.
- Researchers obtain samples that are not representative of the group’s diversity.
Which of the following is not one of the three main types of research designs?
STANDARDIZED RESEARCH
Dr. Booker is researching friendship patterns across childhood. She has included four groups in her study: 4-year-olds, 6-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and 10-year-olds. This is an example of:
“a cross-sectional study.”
The use of deception in research is strictly prohibited by the APA’s ethical guidelines (T/F)
“FALSE; Deception can be used in research, but researchers must ensure that the deception will not harm the participants and that the participants will be debriefed as soon as the study is over.”
A research assistant refers to his participants as Latinos. A number of them object to the term, saying that they or their ancestors are from Mexico, Cuba, Spain, Puerto Rico, or Venezuela. What is this an example of?
ETHNIC GLOSS
